Baron-Cohen Simon
Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;58(6):744-747. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12703.
Should we continue to refer to autism as a 'disease' or 'disorder', or is the framework of 'neurodiversity' a more humane and accurate lens through which to view people with autism? Evidence at the genetic, neural, behavioural and cognitive levels reveals people with autism show both differences, and signs of disability, but not disorder. Disability requires societal support, acceptance of difference and diversity, and societal "reasonable adjustment", whilst disorder is usually taken to require cure or treatment. These are very different frameworks. It will be important to see how the concept of neurodiversity is applied to the 300 diagnoses in DSM-5, and if it revolutionizes both the science and the practice of psychiatry.
我们应该继续将自闭症称为一种“疾病”或“病症”，还是说“神经多样性”框架是一个看待自闭症患者更人道、更准确的视角呢？从基因、神经、行为和认知层面的证据来看，自闭症患者既表现出差异，也有残疾迹象，但并非病症。残疾需要社会支持、对差异和多样性的接纳以及社会的“合理调整”，而病症通常被认为需要治愈或治疗。这是两个截然不同的框架。了解神经多样性概念如何应用于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）中的300种诊断，以及它是否会彻底改变精神病学的科学和实践，将是很重要的。
