Ripamonti Lidia
a Von Hügel Institute, St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge , UK.
New Bioeth. 2016 Apr;22(1):56-70. doi: 10.1080/20502877.2016.1151256.
This paper aims to explore the connection between health and developmental disorders, particularly in regard to the notion of 'neurodiversity', which considers high-functioning autism not as a lifelong disability but a neurological form within a diversity of human minds. In recent years, autistic activist movements have called for a more positive, humanizing, identity-first language when describing this condition, rejecting negative language such as 'disorder', 'deficit', and 'impairment', and instead describing autism as a way of being, part of one's personal identity, which does not always need to be cured. Is a different form of neurodevelopment necessarily a degenerate one? Is well-being mostly affected by disability itself or by its being classified as abnormality? Drawing on philosophical insights, as well as autism research papers and popular science, I explore advantages and disadvantages of these classifications and the connections between health, autism, personhood, and disability.
本文旨在探讨健康与发育障碍之间的联系，特别是关于“神经多样性”的概念，该概念认为高功能自闭症并非终身残疾，而是人类思维多样性中的一种神经学形式。近年来，自闭症维权运动呼吁在描述这种情况时使用更积极、人性化、身份优先的语言，摒弃“障碍”“缺陷”和“损伤”等负面语言，而是将自闭症描述为一种存在方式，是个人身份的一部分，并不总是需要治愈。一种不同形式的神经发育就必然是退化的吗？幸福感主要是受残疾本身影响，还是受其被归类为异常的影响？借助哲学见解以及自闭症研究论文和科普知识，我探讨了这些分类的优缺点以及健康、自闭症、人格和残疾之间的联系。
