West James E, O'Neill Sandra M, Ylitalo Gina M
Marine Resources Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA, 98501, USA.
Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Aug;73(2):207-229. doi: 10.1007/s00244-017-0383-z. Epub 2017 May 20.
We modeled temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) in two indicator fish species representing benthic and pelagic habitats in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. English sole (Parophrys vetulus, benthic) index sites and larger-scale Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii, pelagic) foraging areas represented a wide range of possible contamination conditions, with sampling locations situated adjacent to watersheds exhibiting high, medium and low development. Consistency in analytical data throughout the study was maintained by either calculating method-bias-correction factors on paired samples as methods evolved or by analyzing older archived samples by current methods. PCBs declined moderately in two herring stocks from a low-development basin (2.3 and 4.0% annual rate of decline) and showed no change in the highly developed and moderately developed basins during a 16- to 21-year period. PCBs increased in English sole from four of ten sites (2.9-7.1%), and the remaining six exhibited no significant change. PBDEs and DDTs declined significantly in all herring stocks (4.2-8.1%), although analytical challenges warrant caution in interpreting DDT results. PBDEs declined in English sole from two high-development and one low-development site (3.7-7.2%) and remained unchanged in the remaining seven. DDTs increased in English sole from one high-development site (Tacoma City Waterway) and declined in two high-development and one low development site. As with herring, analytical challenges warrant caution in interpreting the English sole DDT results. It is likely that source controls and mitigation efforts have contributed to the declines in PBDEs and DDTs overall, whereas PCBs appear to have persisted, especially in the pelagic food web, despite bans in PCB production and use.
我们对美国华盛顿州普吉特海湾中代表底栖和远洋栖息地的两种指示性鱼类体内的多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）以及二氯二苯三氯乙烷及其代谢物（DDTs）的时间趋势进行了建模。英语鲽（Parophrys vetulus，底栖鱼类）指标位点以及更大范围的太平洋鲱（Clupea pallasii，远洋鱼类）觅食区域代表了一系列可能的污染状况，采样地点位于流域附近，这些流域呈现出高、中、低不同程度的开发状态。随着分析方法的演变，通过计算配对样本的方法偏差校正因子，或者用当前方法分析旧的存档样本，保持了整个研究过程中分析数据的一致性。在16至21年期间，来自低开发流域的两种鲱鱼种群中的多氯联苯含量适度下降（年下降率分别为2.3%和4.0%），而在高开发和中等开发流域中未显示出变化。在英语鲽中，十个位点中的四个位点的多氯联苯含量增加（2.9 - 7.1%），其余六个位点没有显著变化。所有鲱鱼种群中的多溴二苯醚和滴滴涕含量均显著下降（4.2 - 8.1%），不过在解释滴滴涕结果时，由于分析方面的挑战需谨慎对待。在英语鲽中，来自两个高开发位点和一个低开发位点的多溴二苯醚含量下降（3.7 - 7.2%），其余七个位点保持不变。在英语鲽中，来自一个高开发位点（塔科马城市水道）的滴滴涕含量增加，而在两个高开发位点和一个低开发位点下降。与鲱鱼一样，在解释英语鲽的滴滴涕结果时，由于分析方面的挑战需谨慎对待。源头控制和缓解措施可能总体上促成了多溴二苯醚和滴滴涕含量的下降，而多氯联苯似乎持续存在，尤其是在远洋食物网中，尽管多氯联苯的生产和使用已被禁止。
