Millman Caroline, Christley Rob, Rigby Dan, Dennis Diana, O'Brien Sarah J, Williams Nicola
Department of Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Jun 1;141:22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
Campylobacter contamination of chicken on sale in the UK remains at high levels and has a substantial public health impact. This has prompted the application of many interventions in the supply chain, including enhanced biosecurity measures on-farm. Catching and thinning are acknowledged as threats to the maintenance of good biosecurity, yet the people employed to undertake this critical work (i.e. 'catchers') are a rarely studied group. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate catchers' (n=53) understanding of the biosecurity threats posed by the catching and thinning, and the barriers to good biosecurity practice. It interrogated the role of training in both the awareness and practice of good biosecurity. Awareness of lapses in biosecurity was assessed using a Watch-&-Click hazard awareness survey (n=53). Qualitative interviews (n=49 catchers, 5 farm managers) explored the understanding, experience and practice of catching and biosecurity. All of the catchers who took part in the Watch-&-Click study identified at least one of the biosecurity threats with 40% detecting all of the hazards. Those who had undergone training were significantly more likely to identify specific biosecurity threats and have a higher awareness score overall (48% compared to 9%, p=0.03). Crucially, the individual and group interviews revealed the tensions between the high levels of biosecurity awareness evident from the survey and the reality of the routine practice of catching and thinning. Time pressures and a lack of equipment rather than a lack of knowledge appear a more fundamental cause of catcher-related biosecurity lapses. Our results reveal that catchers find themselves in a 'catch-22' situation in which mutually conflicting circumstances prevent simultaneous completion of their job and compliance with biosecurity standards. Hence, although education about, and enforcement of, biosecurity protocols has been recommended, our findings suggest that further reforms, including changing the context in which catching occurs by improving the equipment and other resources available to catchers and providing more time for biosecurity, will be essential for successful implementation of existing biosecurity protocols.
英国在售鸡肉的弯曲杆菌污染水平依然很高，对公众健康造成了重大影响。这促使在供应链中采取了许多干预措施，包括加强农场的生物安全措施。抓捕和疏苗被认为是维持良好生物安全的威胁，但从事这项关键工作的人员（即“抓捕人员”）是一个鲜有研究的群体。本研究采用混合方法，调查抓捕人员（n = 53）对抓捕和疏苗所带来的生物安全威胁的理解，以及良好生物安全实践的障碍。研究探讨了培训在良好生物安全意识和实践中的作用。使用“观察与点击”危险意识调查（n = 53）评估生物安全失误的意识。定性访谈（n = 49名抓捕人员，5名农场经理）探讨了抓捕和生物安全的理解、经验和实践。所有参与“观察与点击”研究的抓捕人员都至少识别出一种生物安全威胁，40%的人检测出了所有危险。接受过培训的人更有可能识别特定的生物安全威胁，总体意识得分更高（分别为48%和9%，p = 0.03）。至关重要的是，个人和小组访谈揭示了调查中明显的高生物安全意识与抓捕和疏苗日常实践现实之间的矛盾。时间压力和设备短缺而非知识匮乏似乎是与抓捕人员相关的生物安全失误的更根本原因。我们的结果表明，抓捕人员发现自己陷入了一种“两难境地”，相互冲突的情况使他们无法同时完成工作并遵守生物安全标准。因此，尽管有人建议开展生物安全协议的教育和执行工作，但我们的研究结果表明，进一步的改革，包括通过改善抓捕人员可用的设备和其他资源以及为生物安全提供更多时间来改变抓捕发生的环境，对于成功实施现有生物安全协议至关重要。
