Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3SQ, United Kingdom
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jun 6;114(23):5970-5975. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1620542114. Epub 2017 May 22.
First impressions based on facial appearance predict many important social outcomes. We investigated whether such impressions also influence the communication of scientific findings to lay audiences, a process that shapes public beliefs, opinion, and policy. First, we investigated the traits that engender interest in a scientist's work, and those that create the impression of a "good scientist" who does high-quality research. Apparent competence and morality were positively related to both interest and quality judgments, whereas attractiveness boosted interest but decreased perceived quality. Next, we had members of the public choose real science news stories to read or watch and found that people were more likely to choose items that were paired with "interesting-looking" scientists, especially when selecting video-based communications. Finally, we had people read real science news items and found that the research was judged to be of higher quality when paired with researchers who look like "good scientists." Our findings offer insights into the social psychology of science, and indicate a source of bias in the dissemination of scientific findings to broader society.
第一印象基于外貌会预测许多重要的社会结果。我们调查了这些印象是否也会影响向非专业受众传达科学发现的过程,因为这个过程会影响公众的信念、意见和政策。首先,我们研究了激发人们对科学家工作兴趣的特征,以及那些给人留下“好科学家”印象的特征,这些科学家从事高质量的研究。明显的能力和道德与兴趣和质量判断都呈正相关,而吸引力则提高了兴趣,但降低了感知质量。接下来,我们让公众选择真实的科学新闻故事来阅读或观看,发现人们更有可能选择与“看起来有趣”的科学家搭配的项目,尤其是在选择基于视频的交流时。最后,我们让人们阅读真实的科学新闻文章,发现当研究人员看起来像“好科学家”时,人们会认为研究的质量更高。我们的研究结果为科学的社会心理学提供了新的见解,并表明在向更广泛的社会传播科学发现时存在偏见的来源。