1Direction des Connaissances et de l'Innovation,IFCE,49400 Saumur,France.
3UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique,INRA et Université François Rabelais Tours,37380 Nouzilly,France.
Animal. 2018 Feb;12(2):359-365. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117001124. Epub 2017 May 24.
The spread of anthelmintic resistance in equine strongyle nematodes has become a major problem, advocating for the development of alternative control for strongyles. Our study consisted of both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We investigate for the first time the efficacy of a short-term consumption of tannin-rich sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) or extra proteins in naturally infected horses. We used 30 horses allocated into three groups of 10 individuals that received for 18 days either (i) a tannin-rich diet with 70% DM sainfoin pellets (Sd), (ii) a protein-rich diet with 52% DM Italian rye-grass pellets and 18% DM grinded linseed expeller (Pd), or (iii) a control diet with 45% DM barley and 25% DM cereal-based pellets (Cd). The three diets were isoenergetic, covering 94% of animal energy requirements on average, and the Sd and Pd diets were isoproteic and provided extra proteins (227% of protein requirements v. 93% for the Cd diet). Pd and Cd were compared to test for benefits of receiving extra proteins, while Sd and Pd were compared to account for the effect of sainfoin secondary metabolites. There were no between-diet differences in faecal egg counts (FEC) or in worm burden evaluated from worm counts in faeces of drenched horses at the end of the experiment. However, coprocultures from the faeces collected in each group at the beginning and at the end of the experiment suggested a lower rate of strongyle larval development in the Sd group at the end of the experiment (Sd=8.1%, Pd=30.5%, Cd=22.6%). In vitro tests using sainfoin solutions evidenced the influence of sainfoin on strongyle larval development: adding 29% of sainfoin pellets to faeces reduced the strongyle egg development into infective larvae by 82% (P<0.001) and using solutions with sainfoin concentrations higher than 7.5 mg/ml reduced egg hatching by 37% (P<0.05). The short-term use of tannin-rich plants in horse diet could thus constitute a promising strategy to reduce the risk of infection by strongyles at pasture.
马属动物驱虫剂耐药性的传播已成为一个主要问题，这促使人们寻求替代方法来控制马的肠道寄生虫。我们的研究包括体内和体外实验。我们首次调查了富含单宁的苦马豆（Onobrychis viciifolia）或额外蛋白质在自然感染马中的短期摄入的效果。我们使用了 30 匹马，将它们分为三组，每组 10 匹马，连续 18 天分别摄入：（i）富含单宁的饮食，含有 70% DM 的苦马豆丸（Sd）；（ii）富含蛋白质的饮食，含有 52% DM 的意大利黑麦草丸和 18% DM 的研磨亚麻籽压出物（Pd）；或（iii）对照饮食，含有 45% DM 的大麦和 25% DM 的基于谷物的丸剂（Cd）。这三种饮食的能量是相同的，平均能满足动物能量需求的 94%，而 Sd 和 Pd 饮食的蛋白质含量相同，且提供了额外的蛋白质（比 Cd 饮食的蛋白质需求多 227%）。Pd 和 Cd 被用来测试额外蛋白质的益处，而 Sd 和 Pd 则用于研究苦马豆次生代谢物的影响。在实验结束时，从 drenched 马粪便中进行的粪便虫卵计数（FEC）或通过粪便计数评估的蠕虫负荷没有饮食之间的差异。然而，在实验开始和结束时从每组粪便中采集的粪便培养物表明，在实验结束时 Sd 组的 Strongyle 幼虫发育率较低（Sd=8.1%，Pd=30.5%，Cd=22.6%）。使用苦马豆溶液进行的体外试验证明了苦马豆对 Strongyle 幼虫发育的影响：在粪便中添加 29%的苦马豆丸可将 Strongyle 卵发育成感染性幼虫的比例降低 82%（P<0.001），而使用苦马豆浓度高于 7.5 mg/ml 的溶液可使卵孵化率降低 37%（P<0.05）。因此，在马的饮食中短期使用富含单宁的植物可能是减少放牧时感染肠道寄生虫风险的一种有前途的策略。
