Prien T, Traber D L
Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, FR Germany.
Burns Incl Therm Inj. 1988 Dec;14(6):451-60. doi: 10.1016/s0305-4179(88)80005-6.
Although the role of inhalation injury in contributing to the mortality of burn patients has received increasing attention, the available information on the toxic and injurious effects of smoke generated from uncontrolled fires is scarce. This is because each fire generates its own variety of smoke, depending on the nature of the combusting materials and the burning conditions. This review summarizes the actions of the primary smoke components, heat, particulate materials, asphyxiants (carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide), and pulmonary irritants, without covering the whole field of smoke toxicity. In addition, emergency measures to counteract carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide poisoning are discussed.
尽管吸入性损伤在烧伤患者死亡率中所起的作用已受到越来越多的关注，但关于失控火灾产生的烟雾的毒性和伤害作用的现有信息却很匮乏。这是因为每场火灾都会根据燃烧材料的性质和燃烧条件产生其独特的烟雾种类。本综述总结了主要烟雾成分、热量、颗粒物、窒息性气体（一氧化碳和氰化氢）以及肺部刺激物的作用，但未涵盖烟雾毒性的整个领域。此外，还讨论了应对一氧化碳和氰化氢中毒的紧急措施。
