DFT-based prediction of reactivity of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase.

The reaction mechanism of ketone reduction by short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, (S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase from Aromatoleum aromaticum, was studied with DFT methods using cluster model approach. The characteristics of the hydride transfer process were investigated based on reaction of acetophenone and its eight structural analogues. The results confirmed previously suggested concomitant transfer of hydride from NADH to carbonyl C atom of the substrate with proton transfer from Tyr to carbonyl O atom. However, additional coupled motion of the next proton in the proton-relay system, between O2' ribose hydroxyl and Tyr154 was observed. The protonation of Lys158 seems not to affect the pKa of Tyr154, as the stable tyrosyl anion was observed only for a neutral Lys158 in the high pH model. The calculated reaction energies and reaction barriers were calibrated by calorimetric and kinetic methods. This allowed an excellent prediction of the reaction enthalpies (R = 0.93) and a good prediction of the reaction kinetics (R = 0.89). The observed relations were validated in prediction of log K obtained for real whole-cell reactor systems that modelled industrial synthesis of S-alcohols.