Baum Sascha, Hitschold Thomas, Becker Anouck, Smola Sigrun, Solomayer Erich, Rody Achim, Rissland Jürgen
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin des Universitätsklinikums des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2017 Apr;77(4):340-351. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-103970.
In Germany vaccination recommendations are revised annually and published by the Standing Committee on Vaccination at the Robert Koch Institute (STIKO). In 2010 the vaccination recommendations were amended to include the proposal that pregnant women in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and pregnant women with additional underlying disease in the 1st trimester of pregnancy should be vaccinated against seasonal influenza. This paper reports on vaccination rates and the factors influencing them. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two level 1 perinatal centers in two different German federal states (Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate) during the influenza seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. A total of 253 pregnant women were included in the study. Pregnant women were interviewed using a standardized, pre-tested questionnaire and asked whether they were aware of the recommendation to vaccinate against seasonal influenza and about possible factors which might influence their decision to be vaccinated. In addition, data from their vaccination certificates and pregnancy passports were evaluated. Overall, the records of only 19.5 % of the pregnant women showed that they had been vaccinated against influenza in pregnancy. Among the group of pregnant women who had a previous history of vaccinations against influenza the willingness to be vaccinated was high (43.3 %) and this figure was statistically significant. The vaccination rate was even higher (49.9 %) and even more statistically significant among pregnant women whose gynecologist or family physician had recommended that they should be vaccinated. In contrast, only 3.3 % of pregnant women who had not been given the recommendation to vaccinate by their physicians were vaccinated against influenza. The failure to recommend that pregnant women be vaccinated against influenza and women's lack of any previous experience of influenza vaccination were the main reasons for the inadequate influenza vaccination coverage in pregnancy. One of the key points to increase the influenza vaccination rate is to intensify the counselling of the pregnant women through the gynecologist.
在德国，疫苗接种建议每年都会修订，并由罗伯特·科赫研究所的疫苗接种常设委员会（STIKO）发布。2010年，疫苗接种建议进行了修订，建议妊娠中期的孕妇以及妊娠早期患有其他基础疾病的孕妇接种季节性流感疫苗。本文报告了疫苗接种率及其影响因素。在2012/2013年和2013/2014年流感季节期间，在德国两个不同联邦州（萨尔州和莱茵兰-普法尔茨州）的两个一级围产期中心开展了一项横断面研究。共有253名孕妇纳入研究。采用标准化的、经过预测试的问卷对孕妇进行访谈，询问她们是否知晓接种季节性流感疫苗的建议以及可能影响她们接种决定的因素。此外，还评估了她们的疫苗接种证书和妊娠护照中的数据。总体而言，只有19.5%的孕妇记录显示她们在孕期接种了流感疫苗。在有流感疫苗接种史的孕妇群体中，接种意愿较高（43.3%），且这一数字具有统计学意义。在其妇科医生或家庭医生建议接种的孕妇中，疫苗接种率更高（49.9%），且统计学意义更强。相比之下，未得到医生接种建议的孕妇中，只有3.3%接种了流感疫苗。未建议孕妇接种流感疫苗以及女性缺乏流感疫苗接种既往经验是孕期流感疫苗接种覆盖率不足的主要原因。提高流感疫苗接种率的关键点之一是通过妇科医生加强对孕妇的咨询。
