Vitak Taras, Yurkiv Borys, Wasser Solomon, Nevo Eviatar, Sybirna Natalia
Taras Vitak, Borys Yurkiv, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
World J Diabetes. 2017 May 15;8(5):187-201. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.187.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third most common non-infectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Increased levels of blood glucose activate polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase metabolic pathways cause the intensification of non-enzymatic glycosylation and nitration of macromolecules. This, in turn, leads to the development of oxidative and nitrative stresses and secondary complications, such as different kinds of micro- and macroangiopathies. Metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency in diabetes significantly impede the functioning of a homeostasis system, which change the physical, biochemical, morphological, and functional properties of blood cells. As a result, the oxygen-transport function of red blood cells (RBCs), rheological properties of the blood, and functions of immunocompetent cells as well as the process of apoptosis are primarily affected. Modern pharmacotherapy focuses on the search for new preparations that aim to decrease blood glucose levels. Undesirable side effects and adverse reactions caused by synthetic medicines led to the search and investigation of new preparations of natural origin. Medicinal mushrooms play an important role among such new preparations. They are a source of a large number of high- and low-molecular compounds with pronounced biological effects. Our investigations show pronounced hypoglycemic and anti-anemic action of submerged cultivated mycelium powder of medicinal mushrooms () and () on streptozotocin-induced DM in rats. Also, we showed that mycelium powders have membrane protective properties as evidenced by the redistribution of RBC populations towards the growth of full functional cell numbers. Normalization of parameters of leukocyte formula and suppression of apoptosis of white blood cells in diabetic rats treated with and mycelia indicates pronounced positive effects of these strains of mushrooms. Thus, the use of medicinal mushrooms for treatment of DM and in prevention development of its secondary complications might be a new effective approach of this disease's cure. This article is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the literature data and basic achievements concerning DM type 1 treatment using medicinal mushrooms and showing the results obtained in our research.
糖尿病（DM）是导致早期残疾和高死亡率的第三大常见非传染性疾病。此外，患者数量每年都在增加。糖尿病的主要症状是高血糖。血糖水平升高会激活多元醇、己糖胺和蛋白激酶代谢途径，导致大分子非酶糖基化和硝化作用增强。这反过来又会导致氧化应激和硝化应激以及继发性并发症的发展，如各种微血管和大血管病变。糖尿病中胰岛素缺乏引起的代谢紊乱显著阻碍了体内平衡系统的功能，从而改变了血细胞的物理、生化、形态和功能特性。结果，红细胞的氧运输功能、血液的流变学特性、免疫活性细胞的功能以及细胞凋亡过程受到主要影响。现代药物治疗主要致力于寻找旨在降低血糖水平的新制剂。合成药物引起的不良副作用和不良反应促使人们寻找和研究天然来源的新制剂。药用蘑菇在这类新制剂中发挥着重要作用。它们是大量具有显著生物学效应的高分子和低分子化合物的来源。我们的研究表明，药用蘑菇（ ）和（ ）的深层培养菌丝体粉末对链脲佐菌素诱导的大鼠糖尿病具有显著的降血糖和抗贫血作用。此外，我们还表明，菌丝体粉末具有膜保护特性，红细胞群体向功能完全细胞数量增加的方向重新分布就证明了这一点。用 和 菌丝体处理的糖尿病大鼠白细胞公式参数正常化以及白细胞凋亡受到抑制，表明这些蘑菇菌株具有显著的积极作用。因此，使用药用蘑菇治疗糖尿病及其预防继发性并发症的发展可能是治疗这种疾病的一种新的有效方法。本文旨在总结和分析有关使用药用蘑菇治疗1型糖尿病的文献数据和基本成果，并展示我们研究中获得的结果。
