Fernando Warnakulasuriya M A D B, Somaratne Geeshani, Goozee Kathryn G, Williams Shehan, Singh Harjinder, Martins Ralph N
Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(2):481-501. doi: 10.3233/JAD-161200.
Dementia and diabetes mellitus are prevalent disorders in the elderly population. While recognized as two distinct diseases, diabetes has more recently recognized as a significant contributor to risk for developing dementia, and some studies make reference to type 3 diabetes, a condition resulting from insulin resistance in the brain. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, and diabetes, interestingly, share underlying pathological processes, commonality in risk factors, and, importantly, pathways for intervention. Tea has been suggested to possess potent antioxidant properties. It is rich in phytochemicals including, flavonoids, tannins, caffeine, polyphenols, boheic acid, theophylline, theobromine, anthocyanins, gallic acid, and finally epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is considered to be the most potent active ingredient. Flavonoid phytochemicals, known as catechins, within tea offer potential benefits for reducing the risk of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease by targeting common risk factors, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Studies also show that catechins may prevent the formation of amyloid-β plaques and enhance cognitive functions, and thus may be useful in treating patients who have Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Furthermore, other phytochemicals found within tea offer important antioxidant properties along with innate properties capable of modulating intracellular neuronal signal transduction pathways and mitochondrial function.
痴呆症和糖尿病是老年人群中的常见疾病。虽然它们被认为是两种不同的疾病，但糖尿病最近被认为是导致痴呆症风险增加的一个重要因素，一些研究提到了3型糖尿病，这是一种由大脑胰岛素抵抗引起的病症。有趣的是，最常见的痴呆症形式——阿尔茨海默病，与糖尿病有着共同的潜在病理过程、风险因素，以及重要的干预途径。有人认为茶具有强大的抗氧化特性。它富含多种植物化学物质，包括黄酮类化合物、单宁、咖啡因、多酚、波希酸、茶碱、可可碱、花青素、没食子酸，最后还有表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯，它被认为是最有效的活性成分。茶中的黄酮类植物化学物质，即儿茶素，通过针对包括肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、心血管疾病和中风在内的常见风险因素，为降低糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病的风险提供了潜在益处。研究还表明，儿茶素可能会阻止淀粉样β蛋白斑块的形成并增强认知功能，因此可能对治疗患有阿尔茨海默病或痴呆症的患者有用。此外，茶中发现的其他植物化学物质具有重要的抗氧化特性，以及能够调节细胞内神经元信号转导通路和线粒体功能的固有特性。
