Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug;37(4):1193-1201. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.022. Epub 2017 May 27.
BACKGROUND & AIM: Regular intake of nuts improves lipid profile and thus reduces the cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with hyperlipidemia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a dietary intervention with hazelnuts (HZNs, 15-30 g/day, depending on patient weight) on serum lipid profile, anthropometric parameters and fatty acids (FAs) composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia.
Eight-week randomized, single blind, controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study. Sixty-six subjects were enrolled and randomized in 3 groups receiving: 1) hazelnuts with skin (HZN+S); 2) hazelnuts without skin (HZN-S); 3) dietary advices for hyperlipidemia only (controls). Before and after intervention, clinical parameters were measured and blood samples were collected for the evaluation of serum lipid levels and phospholipid FA composition of erythrocytes.
Two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of time on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/LDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C (p ≤ 0.001), but not of treatment and time × treatment interaction. In particular, HZN+S and HZN-S significantly reduced the concentrations of LDL-C and increased HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. HZNs also had a favorable impact on FAs composition of erythrocyte phospholipids, as demonstrated by time × treatment interaction, with a significant increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (p = 0.008) and MUFAs/saturated fatty acids (SFAs) ratio (p = 0.002) with respect to the control group.
For the first time, we documented a positive effect of HZN consumption on lipid profile and FA composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children with primary hyperlipidemia. Further studies are encouraged to better define HZN impact on the markers of CV risk in this population. The trial was registered under ISRCTN.com, ID no. ISRCTN12261900.
经常食用坚果可以改善血脂水平，从而降低高血脂相关的心血管（CV）风险。本研究旨在探讨榛果（15-30g/天，取决于患者体重）饮食干预对原发性高血脂儿童和青少年血清脂质谱、人体测量参数和红细胞磷脂脂肪酸（FA）组成的影响。
这是一项 8 周随机、单盲、对照、三臂、平行组研究。共纳入 66 名受试者，并随机分为 3 组：1）带皮榛果组（HZN+S）；2）去皮榛果组（HZN-S）；3）仅给予高血脂饮食建议组（对照组）。干预前后，测量临床参数并采集血样，以评估血清脂质水平和红细胞磷脂 FA 组成。
双因素方差分析显示，时间对血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）/LDL-C 比值和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）有显著影响（p≤0.001），但治疗和时间×治疗交互作用无显著影响。具体而言，HZN+S 和 HZN-S 组可显著降低 LDL-C 浓度，增加 HDL-C/LDL-C 比值。榛果还对红细胞磷脂 FA 组成有有利影响，这表现在时间×治疗交互作用上，与对照组相比，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）显著增加（p=0.008），MUFAs/饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）比值增加（p=0.002）。
我们首次记录了榛果摄入对原发性高血脂儿童血脂谱和红细胞磷脂 FA 组成的积极影响。鼓励进一步研究以更好地确定榛果对该人群心血管风险标志物的影响。该试验在 ISRCTN.com 注册，注册号为 ISRCTN82264478。
