Cameron Donnie, Vassiliou Vassilios S, Higgins David M, Gatehouse Peter D
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
MAGMA. 2018 Feb;31(1):143-163. doi: 10.1007/s10334-017-0631-2. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Mapping of the longitudinal relaxation time (T ) and extracellular volume (ECV) offers a means of identifying pathological changes in myocardial tissue, including diffuse changes that may be invisible to existing T -weighted methods. This technique has recently shown strong clinical utility for pathologies such as Anderson-Fabry disease and amyloidosis and has generated clinical interest as a possible means of detecting small changes in diffuse fibrosis; however, scatter in T and ECV estimates offers challenges for detecting these changes, and bias limits comparisons between sites and vendors. There are several technical and physiological pitfalls that influence the accuracy (bias) and precision (repeatability) of T and ECV mapping methods. The goal of this review is to describe the most significant of these, and detail current solutions, in order to aid scientists and clinicians to maximise the utility of T mapping in their clinical or research setting. A detailed summary of technical and physiological factors, issues relating to contrast agents, and specific disease-related issues is provided, along with some considerations on the future directions of the field.
纵向弛豫时间（T）和细胞外容积（ECV）的测绘为识别心肌组织的病理变化提供了一种方法，包括现有T加权方法可能无法检测到的弥漫性变化。最近，该技术在诸如安德森-法布里病和淀粉样变性等病症中显示出强大的临床实用性，并作为检测弥漫性纤维化微小变化的一种可能方法引起了临床关注；然而，T和ECV估计值的离散度给检测这些变化带来了挑战，偏差也限制了不同站点和供应商之间的比较。有几个技术和生理陷阱会影响T和ECV测绘方法的准确性（偏差）和精密度（可重复性）。本综述的目的是描述其中最重要的因素，并详细介绍当前的解决方案，以帮助科学家和临床医生在其临床或研究环境中最大限度地发挥T测绘的效用。文中提供了技术和生理因素、与造影剂相关的问题以及特定疾病相关问题的详细总结，同时还对该领域的未来发展方向进行了一些思考。
