Salas-Salvadó Jordi, Guasch-Ferré Marta, Díaz-López Andrés, Babio Nancy
Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain;
Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salut Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and.
J Nutr. 2017 Jul;147(7):1452S-1461S. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.248229. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
The effects of dairy consumption on the prevention of type 2 diabetes remain controversial and depend on the dairy subtype. Yogurt intake has received special attention because its association with health benefits is more consistent than that of other types of dairy products. In the present article, we review those observational studies that evaluated the association between yogurt consumption and type 2 diabetes. We also discuss the possible mechanisms involved in these associations. We found that 13 prospective studies evaluated the association between yogurt intake and type 2 diabetes, most of which showed an inverse association between the frequency of yogurt consumption and the risk of diabetes. In addition to the scientific evidence accumulated from individual prospective studies, several meta-analyses have shown that yogurt consumption has a potential role in diabetes prevention. The most recent analysis shows a 14% lower risk of type 2 diabetes when yogurt consumption was 80-125 g/d compared with no yogurt consumption. The intake of fermented dairy products, especially yogurt, has been inversely associated with variables of glucose metabolism. Yogurt may have probiotic effects that could modulate glucose metabolism. We conclude that yogurt consumption, in the context of a healthy dietary pattern, may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in healthy and older adults at high cardiovascular risk. Large-scale intervention studies and randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine if yogurt consumption has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes.
食用乳制品对预防2型糖尿病的影响仍存在争议，且取决于乳制品的亚型。酸奶摄入量受到了特别关注，因为它与健康益处的关联比其他类型的乳制品更为一致。在本文中，我们回顾了那些评估酸奶摄入量与2型糖尿病之间关联的观察性研究。我们还讨论了这些关联中可能涉及的机制。我们发现有13项前瞻性研究评估了酸奶摄入量与2型糖尿病之间的关联，其中大多数研究表明酸奶消费频率与糖尿病风险之间呈负相关。除了从个体前瞻性研究中积累的科学证据外，多项荟萃分析表明，食用酸奶在预防糖尿病方面具有潜在作用。最新分析显示，与不食用酸奶相比，当酸奶摄入量为80 - 125克/天时，2型糖尿病风险降低14%。食用发酵乳制品，尤其是酸奶，与葡萄糖代谢变量呈负相关。酸奶可能具有调节葡萄糖代谢的益生菌作用。我们得出结论，在健康的饮食模式下，食用酸奶可能会降低健康和心血管疾病高风险的老年人患2型糖尿病的风险。有必要进行大规模干预研究和随机临床试验，以确定食用酸奶是否对胰岛素敏感性有有益影响并降低2型糖尿病风险。
