Pandey Renu, Caflisch Laura, Lodi Alessia, Brenner Andrew J, Tiziani Stefano
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
Mol Carcinog. 2017 Nov;56(11):2355-2371. doi: 10.1002/mc.22694. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
Despite advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy, brain tumors represent one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in both adults and children. Gliomas constitute about 60% of all cerebral tumors, showing varying degrees of malignancy. They are difficult to treat due to dismal prognosis and limited therapeutics. Metabolomics is the untargeted and targeted analyses of endogenous and exogenous small molecules, which charact erizes the phenotype of an individual. This emerging "omics" science provides functional readouts of cellular activity that contribute greatly to the understanding of cancer biology including brain tumor biology. Metabolites are highly informative as a direct signature of biochemical activity; therefore, metabolite profiling has become a promising approach for clinical diagnostics and prognostics. The metabolic alterations are well-recognized as one of the key hallmarks in monitoring disease progression, therapy, and revealing new molecular targets for effective therapeutic intervention. Taking advantage of the latest high-throughput analytical technologies, that is, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), metabolomics is now a promising field for precision medicine and drug discovery. In the present report, we review the application of metabolomics and in vivo metabolic profiling in the context of adult gliomas and paediatric brain tumors. Analytical platforms such as high-resolution (HR) NMR, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and high- and low-resolution MS are discussed. Moreover, the relevance of metabolic studies in the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of gliomas are reviewed.
尽管手术和辅助治疗取得了进展，但脑肿瘤仍是成人和儿童癌症相关死亡率和发病率的主要原因之一。胶质瘤约占所有脑肿瘤的60%，表现出不同程度的恶性程度。由于预后不佳和治疗方法有限，它们很难治疗。代谢组学是对内源性和外源性小分子进行非靶向和靶向分析，它可以表征个体的表型。这种新兴的“组学”科学提供了细胞活动的功能读数，对理解包括脑肿瘤生物学在内的癌症生物学有很大帮助。代谢物作为生化活动的直接标志具有很高的信息量；因此，代谢物谱分析已成为临床诊断和预后的一种有前途的方法。代谢改变被公认为是监测疾病进展、治疗以及揭示有效治疗干预新分子靶点的关键标志之一。利用最新的高通量分析技术，即核磁共振（NMR）光谱和质谱（MS），代谢组学现在是精准医学和药物发现的一个有前途的领域。在本报告中，我们综述了代谢组学和体内代谢谱分析在成人胶质瘤和儿童脑肿瘤中的应用。讨论了诸如高分辨率（HR）NMR、体内磁共振波谱成像以及高分辨率和低分辨率MS等分析平台。此外，还综述了代谢研究在开发胶质瘤新治疗策略中的相关性。
