Zebrowitz Leslie A
Brandeis University.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2017 Jun;26(3):237-242. doi: 10.1177/0963721416683996. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
Although cultural wisdom warns 'don't judge a book by its cover,' we seem unable to inhibit this tendency even though it can produce inaccurate impressions of people's psychological traits and has significant social consequences. One explanation for this paradox is that first impressions of faces overgeneralize our adaptive impressions of categories of people that those faces resemble (including babies, familiar or unfamiliar people, unfit people, emotional people). Research testing these 'overgeneralization' hypotheses elucidates why we form first impressions from faces, what impressions we form, and what cues influence these impressions. This article focuses on commonalities in impressions across diverse perceivers. However, brief attention is given to individual differences in impressions and impression accuracy.
尽管文化智慧告诫“不要以貌取人”，但我们似乎无法抑制这种倾向，即使它会对人们的心理特征产生不准确的印象，并产生重大的社会后果。对这一矛盾现象的一种解释是，对面孔的第一印象过度概括了我们对那些面孔所类似的人群类别（包括婴儿、熟悉或不熟悉的人、不适合的人、情绪化的人）的适应性印象。检验这些“过度概括”假设的研究阐明了我们为什么会从面孔形成第一印象、我们形成了什么样的印象以及哪些线索会影响这些印象。本文关注不同感知者印象中的共性。不过，也会简要提及印象方面的个体差异以及印象的准确性。
