使用大麻后及使用过程中驾驶的风险因素。
Risk Factors for Driving After and During Marijuana Use.
作者信息
Aston Elizabeth R, Merrill Jennifer E, McCarthy Denis M, Metrik Jane
机构信息
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016 Mar;77(2):309-16. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.309.
OBJECTIVE
Use of marijuana before or while driving significantly contributes to driving impairment and elevated risk of motor vehicle accidents; however, this risk behavior is common among users. Little is known about the etiology of driving while under the influence of marijuana.
METHOD
Guided by social learning theory, this study examined marijuana outcome expectancies and other driving-related cognitions as predictors of the frequency of driving after smoking marijuana (DASM) and smoking marijuana while driving (SMWD). A community sample of 151 (64% male) non-treatment-seeking frequent marijuana users completed questionnaires on variables of interest.
RESULTS
Perceived driving-related peer norms (i.e., perception that fewer friends disapprove of DASM and SMWD and of riding with a driver under the influence of marijuana) were associated with lower frequency of both DASM and SMWD. Perceived dangerousness of DASM was also associated with decreased frequency of DASM.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest a range of potentially important targets for interventions intended to reduce the likelihood and frequency of driving while under the influence of marijuana.
目的
在开车前或开车时使用大麻会显著导致驾驶能力受损以及机动车事故风险升高；然而，这种危险行为在使用者中很常见。关于在大麻影响下驾驶的病因知之甚少。
方法
在社会学习理论的指导下，本研究考察了大麻结果预期及其他与驾驶相关的认知，将其作为吸食大麻后驾驶（DASM）和开车时吸食大麻（SMWD）频率的预测因素。一个由151名（64%为男性）不寻求治疗的频繁大麻使用者组成的社区样本完成了关于感兴趣变量的问卷调查。
结果
感知到的与驾驶相关的同伴规范（即认为较少朋友反对DASM和SMWD以及与受大麻影响的司机同乘）与DASM和SMWD的较低频率相关。感知到的DASM的危险性也与DASM频率降低相关。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，对于旨在降低在大麻影响下驾驶的可能性和频率的干预措施而言，存在一系列潜在的重要目标。
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