Shufelt Chrisandra L, Torbati Tina, Dutra Erika
Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.
Semin Reprod Med. 2017 May;35(3):256-262. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1603581. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
The menstrual cycle is a reproductive vital sign and provides insight into hormonal imbalance as well as pregnancy. The significance of estrogen, however, extends beyond fertility and plays a role on tissues and organs throughout the body. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a common form of secondary amenorrhea resulting in estrogen deficiency in young premenopausal women. While reversible, the cause of this disorder is related to psychological stress, excessive exercise, disordered eating or a combination of these factors resulting in suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. The resulting loss of estrogen has profound effects on many systems throughout the body including cardiac, skeletal, psychological and reproductive. Often, these young women are the ‘walking well’ as they do not have bothersome symptoms of low estrogen and are unaware of the consequences of estrogen deficiency. This review focuses on the health consequences of hypothalamic amenorrhea, current research and available treatment options.
月经周期是一种生殖生命体征，能反映激素失衡以及是否怀孕。然而，雌激素的作用不仅限于生育，还对全身的组织和器官发挥作用。功能性下丘脑闭经是继发性闭经的常见形式，会导致年轻绝经前女性雌激素缺乏。虽然这种病症是可逆的，但其病因与心理压力、过度运动、饮食紊乱或这些因素的综合作用有关，进而导致下丘脑 - 垂体 - 卵巢轴受到抑制。雌激素缺乏会对全身多个系统产生深远影响，包括心脏、骨骼、心理和生殖系统。通常，这些年轻女性看似“健康如常”，因为她们没有雌激素水平低带来的困扰症状，也未意识到雌激素缺乏的后果。本综述聚焦于下丘脑闭经对健康的影响、当前研究以及现有的治疗方案。
