Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Influenza & Other Respiratory Pathogens Programme, Division of Communicable Diseases and Health Security, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017 Sep;11(5):356-366. doi: 10.1111/irv.12464. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Long-term care facility environments and the vulnerability of their residents provide a setting conducive to the rapid spread of influenza virus and other respiratory pathogens. Infections may be introduced by staff, visitors or new or transferred residents, and outbreaks of influenza in such settings can have devastating consequences for individuals, as well as placing extra strain on health services. As the population ages over the coming decades, increased provision of such facilities seems likely. The need for robust infection prevention and control practices will therefore remain of paramount importance if the impact of outbreaks is to be minimised. In this review, we discuss the nature of the problem of influenza in long-term care facilities, and approaches to preventive and control measures, including vaccination of residents and staff, and the use of antiviral drugs for treatment and prophylaxis, based on currently available evidence.
长期护理机构的环境及其居民的脆弱性为流感病毒和其他呼吸道病原体的快速传播提供了有利条件。感染可能是由工作人员、访客或新入住或转来的居民带来的，此类环境中的流感暴发可能给个人带来毁灭性后果，并给卫生服务带来额外压力。在未来几十年，随着人口老龄化，这种设施的供应可能会增加。因此，如果要尽量减少暴发的影响，就需要强有力的感染预防和控制措施。在这篇综述中，我们根据现有证据讨论了流感在长期护理机构中的问题性质，以及预防和控制措施的方法，包括居民和工作人员的疫苗接种，以及抗病毒药物的使用进行治疗和预防。
