Gaete Jorge, Tornero Bernardita, Valenzuela Daniela, Rojas-Barahona Cristian A, Salmivalli Christina, Valenzuela Eduardo, Araya Ricardo
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, United Kingdom.
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Universidad de los AndesSantiago, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 28;8:1056. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01056. eCollection 2017.
Being involved in bullying as a victim or perpetrator could have deleterious health consequences. Even though there is some evidence that bullies and victims of bullying have a higher risk for drug use, less is known about bystanders. The aim of this research was to study the association between bullying experience (as victims, bullies, or bystanders) and substance use. We gathered complete information from a nationally representative sample of 36,687 students (51.4% female) attending 756 schools in Chile. We used a self-reported questionnaire which was developed based on similar instruments used elsewhere. This questionnaire was piloted and presented to an expert panel for approval. We used multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for several variables at the individual (e.g., school membership, parental monitoring) and school levels (e.g., school type, school denomination). This study shows that bullies and bully-victims have a high risk for cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use than bystanders. This is one of the few studies exploring the association between witnessing bullying and substance use. These findings add new insights to the study of the co-occurrence of bullying and substance use. Other factors, such as higher academic performance, stronger school membership, and better parental monitoring reduced the risk of any substance use, while the experience of domestic violence and the perception of social disorganization in the neighborhood, increased the risk. These findings may help the design of preventive interventions.
作为受害者或施暴者参与欺凌可能会对健康产生有害影响。尽管有一些证据表明欺凌者和受欺凌者吸毒的风险更高，但对于旁观者的情况了解较少。本研究的目的是探讨欺凌经历（作为受害者、欺凌者或旁观者）与物质使用之间的关联。我们从智利756所学校的36687名学生（51.4%为女性）的全国代表性样本中收集了完整信息。我们使用了一份基于其他地方使用的类似工具开发的自填问卷。该问卷进行了预测试，并提交给一个专家小组批准。我们使用了多层次多变量逻辑回归分析，控制了个体层面（如学校成员身份、家长监督）和学校层面（如学校类型、学校教派）的几个变量。本研究表明，欺凌者和既是欺凌者又是受害者的人比旁观者有更高的吸烟、饮酒和使用大麻的风险。这是为数不多的探索目睹欺凌与物质使用之间关联的研究之一。这些发现为欺凌与物质使用共现的研究增添了新的见解。其他因素，如较高的学业成绩、较强的学校成员身份和更好的家长监督，降低了任何物质使用的风险，而家庭暴力经历和对邻里社会混乱的感知则增加了风险。这些发现可能有助于设计预防性干预措施。
