Quisenberry Amanda J, Koffarnus Mikhail N, Epstein Leonard H, Bickel Warren K
Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute Roanoke, VA, United States.
University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo, NY, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Sep 1;178:551-555. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate tobacco product purchasing in the Experimental: Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) among male and female smokers who also use e-cigarettes. We hypothesized a high substitution profile for e-cigarettes and that males would purchase more Snus than females.
The ETM is an online market used in clinical abuse liability research to mimic real-world purchasing patterns. Tobacco products, including each participant's usual choice of conventional and e-cigarettes, were presented along with a price and description of nicotine content. Participants were endowed with an account balance based on the number of cigarettes and e-cigarettes consumed per week. Each participant was exposed to four ETM sessions in random order during which the price of conventional cigarettes was manipulated.
Cigarette consumption decreased as price increased. A mixed factor three-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of price (i.e., more alternative products were purchased at higher cigarette prices), product (i.e., more e-cigarettes were purchased than gum, lozenges, and Snus), and sex (i.e., males purchased more than females). A significant three-way interaction indicated that males purchased more e-cigarettes, Snus, and dip than females at higher cigarette prices.
This study suggests that the user profile of cigarette smokers is associated with behavioral economic measures of alternative product substitution and indicates that the evaluation of nicotine replacement products should be considered for both males and females separately.
本研究旨在评估在实验性烟草市场（ETM）中，同时使用电子烟的男性和女性吸烟者购买烟草产品的情况。我们假设电子烟具有较高的替代率，且男性购买的口含烟比女性更多。
ETM是一个用于临床滥用倾向研究的在线市场，旨在模拟现实世界的购买模式。展示了烟草产品，包括每位参与者通常选择的传统香烟和电子烟，并标明了价格和尼古丁含量说明。根据参与者每周消费的香烟和电子烟数量赋予其账户余额。每位参与者按随机顺序接受四次ETM实验，期间对传统香烟的价格进行操控。
随着价格上涨，香烟消费量下降。一项混合因素三向方差分析显示，价格（即香烟价格越高，购买的替代产品越多）、产品（即购买的电子烟比口香糖、含片和口含烟更多）和性别（即男性购买量多于女性）均有显著主效应。一个显著的三向交互作用表明，在香烟价格较高时，男性购买的电子烟、口含烟和嚼烟比女性更多。
本研究表明，吸烟者的用户特征与替代产品替代的行为经济学指标相关，并表明应分别针对男性和女性考虑尼古丁替代产品的评估。
