Gu Zirong, Kalambogias John, Yoshioka Shin, Han Wenqi, Li Zhuo, Kawasawa Yuka Imamura, Pochareddy Sirisha, Li Zhen, Liu Fuchen, Xu Xuming, Wijeratne H. R. Sagara, Ueno Masaki, Blatz Emily, Salomone Joseph, Kumanogoh Atsushi, Rasin Mladen-Roko, Gebelein Brian, Weirauch Matthew T, Sestan Nenad, Martin John H, Yoshida Yutaka
Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA.
Science. 2017 Jul 28;357(6349):400-404. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3721.
Superior manual dexterity in higher primates emerged together with the appearance of cortico-motoneuronal (CM) connections during the evolution of the mammalian corticospinal (CS) system. Previously thought to be specific to higher primates, we identified transient CM connections in early postnatal mice, which are eventually eliminated by Sema6D-PlexA1 signaling. mutant mice maintain CM connections into adulthood and exhibit superior manual dexterity as compared with that of controls. Last, differing expression in layer 5 of the motor cortex, which is strong in wild-type mice but weak in humans, may be explained by FEZF2-mediated cis-regulatory elements that are found only in higher primates. Thus, species-dependent regulation of expression may have been crucial in the evolution of mammalian CS systems that improved fine motor control in higher primates.
在哺乳动物皮质脊髓（CS）系统的进化过程中，高等灵长类动物卓越的手部灵巧性与皮质运动神经元（CM）连接的出现同时出现。以前认为CM连接是高等灵长类动物特有的，我们在出生后早期的小鼠中发现了短暂的CM连接，这些连接最终通过Sema6D-PlexA1信号传导被消除。与对照组相比，突变小鼠在成年后仍保持CM连接，并表现出卓越的手部灵巧性。最后，运动皮层第5层中不同的[此处原文似乎缺失具体所指内容]表达，在野生型小鼠中很强但在人类中较弱，这可能由仅在高等灵长类动物中发现的FEZF2介导的顺式调控元件来解释。因此，[此处原文似乎缺失具体所指内容]表达的物种依赖性调控在改善高等灵长类动物精细运动控制的哺乳动物CS系统进化中可能至关重要。
