Sheu Shwu Jiuan
Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Korean J Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug;31(4):283-289. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0036. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe form of ocular inflammation due to infection of the intraocular cavity that can lead to irreversible visual loss if not treated properly and timely. It can be classified as exogenous or endogenous based on the transmission route of the infectious source. Exogenous endophthalmitis occurs when infecting organisms gain entry into the eye via direct inoculation, while endogenous endophthalmitis occurs when infectious agents hematogenously spread into the eye from a distant focus of infection. The diagnosis of endophthalmitis depends mostly on the clinical findings on ophthalmological examination. Delayed diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis can lead to not only visual loss, but also increased risk of mortality. Since ocular and systemic symptoms of endophthalmitis are usually non-specific, early diagnosis relies on the alertness of clinicians. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are keys to saving the eye. Following advances in vitreoretinal pharmacotherapy and surgical technology, early surgical intervention is the current trend in the management of endophthalmitis.
眼内炎是一种罕见但严重的眼部炎症，由眼内腔感染引起，如果未得到及时恰当治疗，可导致不可逆的视力丧失。根据感染源的传播途径，可将其分为外源性或内源性。当感染微生物通过直接接种进入眼睛时，发生外源性眼内炎；而当感染因子从远处感染灶经血行扩散至眼睛时，则发生内源性眼内炎。眼内炎的诊断主要取决于眼科检查的临床发现。内源性眼内炎的延迟诊断不仅会导致视力丧失，还会增加死亡风险。由于眼内炎的眼部和全身症状通常不具有特异性，早期诊断依赖于临床医生的警觉性。早期诊断和恰当治疗是挽救视力的关键。随着玻璃体视网膜药物治疗和手术技术的进步，早期手术干预是目前眼内炎治疗的趋势。
