School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Nov;47(11):3380-3391. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3251-9.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience increased morbidity and decreased life expectancy compared to the general population, and these disparities are likely exacerbated for those individuals who are otherwise disadvantaged. We conducted a review to ascertain what is known about health and health system quality (e.g., high quality care delivery, adequate care access) disparities in ASD. Nine studies met final inclusion criteria. Seven studies identified racial disparities in access to general medical services for children with ASD. No studies examined disparities in health outcomes or included older adults. We present a model of health disparities (Fundamental Causes Model) that guides future research. Additional work should examine health disparities, and their causal pathways, in ASD, particularly for older adults.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的发病率高于普通人群，预期寿命缩短，而对于那些处于不利地位的人来说，这些差异可能更加严重。我们进行了一项综述，以确定在 ASD 中，健康和医疗体系质量（例如高质量的医疗服务提供、充足的医疗服务获取）方面存在哪些差异。有九项研究符合最终纳入标准。其中七项研究确定了儿童 ASD 患者在获得一般医疗服务方面存在种族差异。没有研究检查健康结果方面的差异或包括老年人。我们提出了一个健康差异模型（根本原因模型），指导未来的研究。应开展更多工作来检查 ASD 中的健康差异及其因果途径，特别是针对老年人。
