DI Venere D, Pettini F, Nardi G M, Laforgia A, Stefanachi G, Notaro V, Rapone B, Grassi F R, Corsalini M
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
Oral Implantol (Rome). 2017 Apr 10;10(1):78-86. doi: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.078. eCollection 2017 Jan-Mar.
Fixed retainers are used to stabilize dental elements after orthodontic treatment. Being it a permanent treatment, it is necessary to instruct patients about a constant and continuous monitoring of their periodontal conditions and a correct oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to highlight the possible adverse effects of bonded retainers on parameters correlated to the health conditions of periodontal tissues.
We selected 16 patients, under treatment in the Orthodontics Department of University of Bari Dental School, who had undergone a lingual retainer insertion at the end of the orthodontic treatment. The patients were then divided into two groups (Control Group and Study Group) and monitored for 3 and 36 months, respectively. The following indexes were taken into consideration: gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and the presence of calculus (Calculus Index, CI), the probing depth and the presence of gingival recession on the six inferior frontal dental elements.
After the observation was carried out, any of the patients showed periodontal sockets and gingival recession. In the Study Group, only 1 patient had a PI score=3, the 7 left had scores between 0.66 and 2.83. In the Control Group, one patient had score=0, the other ones showed values between 0.5 and 1.66. The mean GI in the Study Group peaked at a score of 2.83, the minimum was 0.66; whereas in the Control Group the maximum value was 2 and the minimum 0.66. The CI in the Group Study was between 1 and 2. In the Control Group it was absent in only 1 patient, whereas in the remaining 7, it had a value between 0.3 and 1. The clinical data were studied by means of the Wilcoxon test. We found a statistically significant difference for what concerns the Plaque Indexes (PI) (P>0.05) and Calculus Indexes (CI) (P>0.1) in both groups, with higher scores in the Study Group, having retainers for 36 months. Any statistically significant difference was calculated for the GI.
We can therefore conclude that patients with lingual retainers need periodontal hygiene and treatment as to prevent, in the course of time, periodontal damages non-detectable in short-term.
固定保持器用于正畸治疗后稳定牙齿结构。由于这是一种永久性治疗方法，有必要指导患者持续不断地监测其牙周状况并保持正确的口腔卫生。本研究的目的是强调粘结式保持器对与牙周组织健康状况相关参数可能产生的不良影响。
我们选取了16名在巴里大学牙科学院正畸科接受治疗的患者，这些患者在正畸治疗结束时植入了舌侧保持器。然后将患者分为两组（对照组和研究组），分别进行3个月和36个月的监测。考虑了以下指标：牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PI）以及牙石的存在情况（牙石指数，CI）、探诊深度以及下颌六颗前牙的牙龈退缩情况。
观察结束后，所有患者均未出现牙周袋和牙龈退缩。在研究组中，只有1名患者的PI评分为3，其余7名患者的评分在0.66至2.83之间。在对照组中，1名患者评分为0，其他患者的评分在0.5至1.66之间。研究组的平均GI最高评分为2.83，最低为0.66；而对照组的最高值为2，最低为0.66。研究组的CI在1至2之间。在对照组中，只有1名患者没有牙石，其余7名患者的牙石值在0.3至1之间。通过威尔科克森检验对临床数据进行了研究。我们发现，对于两组的菌斑指数（PI）（P>0.05）和牙石指数（CI）（P>0.1），存在统计学上的显著差异，研究组佩戴保持器36个月的患者得分更高。对于GI，未计算出任何统计学上的显著差异。
因此，我们可以得出结论，佩戴舌侧保持器的患者需要进行牙周卫生护理和治疗，以预防随着时间推移可能出现的短期难以察觉的牙周损害。
