Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2017 Aug;25:90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.028. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
Human immune system (HIS) mice, immunodeficient mice engrafted with human cells (with or without donor-matched tissue), offer a unique opportunity to study pathogens that cause disease predominantly or exclusively in humans. Several HIS mouse models have recently been used to study Ebola virus (EBOV) infection and disease. The results of these studies are encouraging and support further development and use of these models in Ebola research. HIS mice provide a small animal model to study EBOV isolates, investigate early viral interactions with human immune cells, screen vaccines and therapeutics that modulate the immune system, and investigate sequelae in survivors. Here we review existing models, discuss their use in pathogenesis studies and therapeutic screening, and highlight considerations for study design and analysis. Finally, we point out caveats to current models, and recommend future efforts for modeling EBOV infection in HIS mice.
人免疫系统（HIS）小鼠，即用人细胞（无论是否与供体匹配）移植的免疫缺陷小鼠，为研究主要或完全在人类中引起疾病的病原体提供了独特的机会。最近已经使用了几种 HIS 小鼠模型来研究埃博拉病毒（EBOV）感染和疾病。这些研究的结果令人鼓舞，并支持进一步开发和在埃博拉研究中使用这些模型。HIS 小鼠提供了一种小动物模型来研究 EBOV 分离株，研究早期病毒与人免疫细胞的相互作用，筛选调节免疫系统的疫苗和疗法，并研究幸存者的后遗症。在这里，我们回顾现有的模型，讨论它们在发病机制研究和治疗筛选中的用途，并强调研究设计和分析的注意事项。最后，我们指出当前模型的局限性，并建议未来在 HIS 小鼠中模拟 EBOV 感染的努力。
