Vardavas Constantine I, Girvalaki Charis, Filippidis Filippos T, Oder Mare, Kastanje Ruth, de Vries Irma, Scholtens Lies, Annas Anita, Plackova Silvia, Turk Rajka, Gruzdyte Laima, Rato Fátima, Genser Dieter, Schiel Helmut, Balázs Andrea, Donohoe Elaine, Vardavas Alexander I, Tzatzarakis Manolis N, Tsatsakis Aristidis M, Behrakis Panagiotis K
Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAAA), Athens, Greece.
Institute of Public Health, American College of Greece, Athens, Greece.
Tob Induc Dis. 2017 Aug 16;15:36. doi: 10.1186/s12971-017-0141-z. eCollection 2017.
The use of e-cigarettes has increased during the past few years. Exposure to e-cigarette liquids, whether intentional or accidental, may lead to adverse events our aim was to assess factors associated with e-cigarette exposures across European Union Member States (EU MS).
A retrospective analysis of exposures associated with e-cigarettes reported to national poison centers was performed covering incidents from 2012 to March 2015 from 10 EU MS. De-identified and anonymous raw data was acquired.
In total, 277 incidents were reported. Unintentional exposure was the most frequently cited type of exposure (71.3%), while e-cigarette refill vials were responsible for the majority of the reported incidents (87.3%). Two-thirds of all exposures (67.5%) occurred as ingestion of e-liquids, which was more frequent among children (≤ 5 years, 6-18 years) compared to adults (87.0% vs. 59.3% vs. 57.6%, < 0.001 respectively), exposure via the respiratory (5.4% vs. 22.2% vs. 22.2%, < 0.001) were more frequent among paediatric patients while ocular routes (2.2% vs. 3.7% vs. 11.4%, = 0.021) were more frequent among adults. Logistic regression analyses indicated that paediatric incidents (≤ 5 years) were more likely to be through ingestion (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.36, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.]: 1.87-10.18), but less likely to have a reported clinical effect (aOR = 0.41, 95% C.I.: 0.21-0.82).
Our study highlighted parameters related to e-cigarette exposure incidents in 10 EU MS, the results of which indicate that consideration should be given to the design features which may mitigate risks, thereby protecting users, non-users and especially children.
在过去几年中，电子烟的使用有所增加。接触电子烟液，无论是有意还是意外，都可能导致不良事件。我们的目的是评估欧盟成员国（EU MS）中与电子烟暴露相关的因素。
对向国家毒物中心报告的与电子烟相关的暴露情况进行回顾性分析，涵盖了2012年至2015年3月来自10个欧盟成员国的事件。获取了去识别化和匿名的原始数据。
总共报告了277起事件。无意暴露是最常被提及的暴露类型（71.3%），而电子烟补充装瓶导致了大多数报告事件（87.3%）。所有暴露中有三分之二（67.5%）是由于摄入电子烟液，与成人相比，儿童（≤5岁、6 - 18岁）中这种情况更常见（分别为87.0%、59.3%和57.6%，P<0.001），儿科患者通过呼吸道暴露（5.4%、22.2%和22.2%，P<0.001）更为常见，而眼部途径暴露（2.2%、3.7%和11.4%，P = 0.021）在成人中更为常见。逻辑回归分析表明，儿科事件（≤5岁）更有可能是通过摄入（调整后的优势比[aOR]=4.36，95%置信区间[C.I.]：1.87 - 10.18），但报告有临床影响的可能性较小（aOR = 0.41，95% C.I.：0.21 - 0.82）。
我们的研究突出了10个欧盟成员国中与电子烟暴露事件相关的参数，其结果表明应考虑那些可能降低风险的设计特征，从而保护使用者、非使用者尤其是儿童。
