Schaekel Franziska, May Thomas, Seiler Julia, Hartmann Maria, Kreienbrock Lothar
Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
QS, Qualität und Sicherheit GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 25;12(8):e0182661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182661. eCollection 2017.
The development of antimicrobial resistance is triggered by the use of antibiotic drugs. Therefore, the consumption of antibiotics in livestock is monitored, and different measures may be applied if the usage of antibiotic drugs seems inappropriate. Unfortunately, the surveillance of antibiotic consumption is not standardised, and surveillance systems differ. In Germany, the food quality assurance system QS Qualität und Sicherheit GmbH (QS) began the documentation of antibiotic drug usage in pigs in 2012 in a private economic based database, and for its members, documentation has been mandatory in all pig age groups since 2014. In this investigation, we calculated the distribution of the antibiotics use per pig age group and half-year, and the percentage of the active substances used from overall treatments within German pig holdings from 1 July, 2013 to 30 June, 2015. In fattening pigs, the median of the treatment frequency is 4.3 in 2013-2 and exhibits a decreasing trend in this time period up to 2.1 in 2015-1. In weaners the median ranged between 11.3 in 2014-2 and 5.8 in 2013-2. The median of sucklers varies between 21.6 and 25.0. In sucklers and weaners, a clear temporal trend is not seen to date. The share of the active substances differs between the age groups. In fattening pigs, mostly tetracyclines and penicillines were used, occurring in approximately 60% of the total treatments. In weaners, amoxicillin and colistin have the highest shares of the treatment frequency, at approximately 60%. The treatment frequencies of macrolides and penicillines have the highest share in sucklers.
抗生素耐药性的发展是由抗生素药物的使用引发的。因此，会对家畜抗生素的使用情况进行监测，如果抗生素药物的使用看起来不恰当，可能会采取不同的措施。不幸的是，抗生素使用监测并未标准化，监测系统也各不相同。在德国，食品质量保证体系QS Qualität und Sicherheit GmbH（QS）于2012年开始在一个基于私营经济的数据库中记录猪的抗生素药物使用情况，自2014年起，对其成员而言，所有猪龄组的记录均为强制性。在本次调查中，我们计算了2013年7月1日至2015年6月30日期间德国猪场中每个猪龄组和半年的抗生素使用分布情况，以及所用活性物质在全部治疗中所占的百分比。在育肥猪中，2013 - 2期治疗频率的中位数为4.3，在此期间呈下降趋势，到2015 - 1期降至2.1。在断奶仔猪中，中位数在2014 - 2期的11.3和2013 - 2期的5.8之间。哺乳仔猪的中位数在21.6至25.0之间。在哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪中，目前尚未发现明显的时间趋势。各年龄组所用活性物质的占比不同。在育肥猪中，主要使用四环素类和青霉素类，约占总治疗量的60%。在断奶仔猪中，阿莫西林和黏菌素在治疗频率中占比最高，约为60%。大环内酯类和青霉素类的治疗频率在哺乳仔猪中占比最高。
