Lin Ying, Mutz Julian, Clough Peter J, Papageorgiou Kostas A
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los AngelesCA, United States.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 11;8:1345. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01345. eCollection 2017.
Mental toughness (MT) is an umbrella term that entails positive psychological resources, which are crucial across a wide range of achievement contexts and in the domain of mental health. We systematically review empirical studies that explored the associations between the concept of MT and individual differences in learning, educational and work performance, psychological well-being, personality, and other psychological attributes. Studies that explored the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in MT are also reviewed. The findings suggest that MT is associated with various positive psychological traits, more efficient coping strategies and positive outcomes in education and mental health. Approximately 50% of the variation in MT can be accounted for by genetic factors. Furthermore, the associations between MT and psychological traits can be explained mainly by either common genetic or non-shared environmental factors. Taken together, our findings suggest a 'mental toughness advantage' with possible implications for developing interventions to facilitate achievement in a variety of settings.
心理韧性（MT）是一个总括性术语，它包含积极的心理资源，这些资源在广泛的成就情境和心理健康领域中至关重要。我们系统地回顾了实证研究，这些研究探讨了心理韧性概念与学习、教育和工作表现、心理健康、人格及其他心理属性方面的个体差异之间的关联。还回顾了探讨基因和环境对心理韧性个体差异影响的研究。研究结果表明，心理韧性与各种积极的心理特质、更有效的应对策略以及教育和心理健康方面的积极结果相关。心理韧性约50%的变异可由遗传因素解释。此外，心理韧性与心理特质之间的关联主要可由共同的遗传因素或非共享环境因素来解释。综合来看，我们的研究结果表明存在一种“心理韧性优势”，这可能对开发促进在各种情境中取得成就的干预措施具有启示意义。
