Slattery Timothy J, Yates Mark
Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Jan;71(1):250-259. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1310264.
Readers' eyes often skip over words as they read. Skipping rates are largely determined by word length; short words are skipped more than long words. However, the predictability of a word in context also impacts skipping rates. Rayner, Slattery, Drieghe and Liversedge reported an effect of predictability on word skipping for even long words (10-13 characters) that extend beyond the word identification span. Recent research suggests that better readers and spellers have an enhanced perceptual span. We explored that whether reading and spelling skill interact with word length and predictability to impact word skipping rates in a large sample ( = 92) of average and poor adult readers. Participants read the items from Rayner et al., while their eye movements were recorded. Spelling skill (zSpell) was assessed using the dictation and recognition tasks developed by Sally Andrews and colleagues. Reading skill (zRead) was assessed from reading speed (words per minute) and comprehension accuracy of three 120 word passages each with 10 comprehension questions. We fit linear mixed models to the target gaze duration data and generalized linear mixed models to the target word skipping data. Target word gaze durations were significantly predicted by zRead, while the skipping likelihoods were significantly predicted by zSpell. Additionally, for gaze durations, zRead significantly interacted with word predictability as better readers relied less on context to support word processing. These effects are discussed in relation to the lexical quality hypothesis and eye movement models of reading.
读者阅读时眼睛经常会跳过一些单词。跳过率在很大程度上由单词长度决定；短单词比长单词更容易被跳过。然而，单词在语境中的可预测性也会影响跳过率。雷纳、斯拉特里、德里格和利弗赛奇报告称，即使是超出单词识别跨度的长单词（10 - 13个字符），可预测性对单词跳过也有影响。最近的研究表明，阅读能力和拼写能力较强的人具有更大的感知跨度。我们在一个由92名普通和较差成年读者组成的大样本中，探讨了阅读和拼写技能是否与单词长度和可预测性相互作用，从而影响单词跳过率。参与者阅读雷纳等人的材料，同时记录他们的眼动情况。拼写技能（zSpell）通过莎莉·安德鲁斯及其同事开发的听写和识别任务进行评估。阅读技能（zRead）根据阅读速度（每分钟单词数）和三篇各有120个单词且配有10个理解问题的文章的理解准确率进行评估。我们对目标注视持续时间数据拟合线性混合模型，对目标单词跳过数据拟合广义线性混合模型。zRead显著预测了目标单词的注视持续时间，而zSpell显著预测了跳过可能性。此外，对于注视持续时间，zRead与单词可预测性存在显著交互作用，因为阅读能力较强的人在单词处理过程中对语境的依赖较小。我们结合词汇质量假说和阅读眼动模型对这些效应进行了讨论。
