Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2018 Apr;20:92-95. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.024. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
While it is well known that reputational concerns promote prosociality in adults, their ontogenetic origins remain poorly understood. Here we review evidence suggesting that the first prosocial acts of young children are not aimed at gaining reputational credit. However, at approximately five years of age, children come to be concerned about their reputations, and their prosocial behaviors show the signature of self-promotional strategies: increased prosociality in public compared to private settings. In middle childhood, at around eight years of age, children acquire further abilities to control the image they project and start to reason explicitly about their reputation. We discuss potential social and cognitive factors-Partner Choice and Theory of Mind-that contribute to the developmental emergence of self-presentational behavior.
虽然人们深知声誉关切会促进成年人的亲社会行为，但这些行为的起源仍知之甚少。本文综述了一些证据，这些证据表明，幼儿的最初亲社会行为并非旨在获得声誉。然而，大约在五岁时，儿童开始关注自己的声誉，他们的亲社会行为表现出自我提升策略的特征：在公共场合比在私人场合表现出更多的亲社会行为。在儿童中期，大约八岁时，儿童获得了进一步控制自己形象的能力，并开始明确推理自己的声誉。我们讨论了促进自我呈现行为发展出现的潜在社会和认知因素——伙伴选择和心理理论。
