Nanobiotechnology Lab., Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444 602, Maharashtra, India.
Nanobiotechnology Lab., Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444 602, Maharashtra, India.
Int J Pharm. 2017 Oct 30;532(1):139-148. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.127. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Now-a-days development of microbial resistancce have become one of the most important global public health concerns. It is estimated that about 2 million people are infected in USA with multidrug resistant bacteria and out of these, about 23,000 die per year. In Europe, the number of deaths associated with infection caused by MDR bacteria is about 25,000 per year, However, the situation in Asia and other devloping countries is more critical. Considering the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in various pathogens, it is estimated that MDR organisms can kill about 10 million people every year by 2050. The use of antibiotics in excessive and irresponsible manner is the main reason towards its ineffectiveness. However, in this context, promising application of nanotechnology in our everyday life has generated a new avenue for the development of potent antimicrobial materials and compounds (nanoantimicrobials) capable of dealing with microbial resistance. The devlopement and safe incorporation of nanoantimicrobials will bring a new revolution in health sector. In this review, we have critically focused on current worldwide situation of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the role of various nanomaterials in the management of microbial resistance and the possible mechanisms for antibacterial action of nanoparticles alone and nanoparticle-antibiotics conjuagte are also discussed.
如今，微生物耐药性的发展已成为全球最重要的公共卫生问题之一。据估计，美国约有 200 万人感染了耐药菌，其中每年约有 2.3 万人因此死亡。在欧洲，每年因 MDR 细菌感染而导致的死亡人数约为 2.5 万人。然而，亚洲和其他发展中国家的情况更为严峻。考虑到各种病原体对抗生素耐药性的增加速度，据估计，到 2050 年，MDR 病原体每年可能导致约 1000 万人死亡。抗生素的过度和不负责任使用是其无效的主要原因。然而，在这种情况下，纳米技术在我们日常生活中的应用前景广阔，为开发能够应对微生物耐药性的强效抗菌材料和化合物（纳米抗菌剂）开辟了新途径。纳米抗菌剂的开发和安全应用将给卫生部门带来新的革命。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地关注了全球范围内抗生素耐药性的现状。此外，还讨论了各种纳米材料在管理微生物耐药性方面的作用，以及单独纳米颗粒和纳米颗粒-抗生素缀合物的抗菌作用的可能机制。
