Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Nov;24(32):24790-24802. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0102-3. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
The heavy metals available in drinking water can be considered as a threat to human health. Oncogenic risk of such metals is proven in several studies. Present study aimed to investigate concentration of the heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 39 water supply wells and 5 water reservoirs within the cities Ardakan, Meibod, Abarkouh, Bafgh, and Bahabad. The spatial distribution of the concentration was carried out by the software ArcGIS. Such simulations as non-carcinogenic hazard and lifetime cancer risk were conducted for lead and nickel using Monte Carlo technique. The sensitivity analysis was carried out to find the most important and effective parameters on risk assessment. The results indicated that concentration of all metals in 39 wells (except iron in 3 cases) reached the levels mentioned in EPA, World Health Organization, and Pollution Control Department standards. Based on the spatial distribution results at all studied regions, the highest concentrations of metals were derived, respectively, for iron and zinc. Calculated HQ values for non-carcinogenic hazard indicated a reasonable risk. Average lifetime cancer risks for the lead in Ardakan and nickel in Meibod and Bahabad were shown to be 1.09 × 10, 1.67 × 10, and 2 × 10, respectively, demonstrating high carcinogenic risk compared to similar standards and studies. The sensitivity analysis suggests high impact of concentration and BW in carcinogenic risk.
饮用水中的重金属可被视为对人类健康的威胁。多项研究证明了这些金属的致癌风险。本研究旨在调查伊朗亚达坎、迈博德、阿巴库、巴夫格和巴赫巴德五个城市的 39 口供水井和 5 个水库中的重金属（砷、镉、铬、铜、铁、汞、锰、镍、铅和锌）浓度。浓度的空间分布是通过 ArcGIS 软件进行的。利用蒙特卡罗技术对铅和镍进行非致癌危害和终生癌症风险模拟。进行了敏感性分析，以确定风险评估中最重要和最有效的参数。结果表明，除了 3 个案例中的铁，所有金属在 39 口井中的浓度均达到了 EPA、世界卫生组织和污染控制部门标准的水平。根据在所有研究区域的空间分布结果，铁和锌的浓度最高。非致癌危害 HQ 值的计算表明风险处于合理范围。亚达坎的铅和迈博德、巴赫巴德的镍的平均终生癌症风险分别为 1.09×10、1.67×10和 2×10，与类似标准和研究相比，具有较高的致癌风险。敏感性分析表明，浓度和 BW 对致癌风险的影响较大。
