正常受试者中 LSD 的持久主观效应。
Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects.
机构信息
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
出版信息
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):535-545. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4733-3. Epub 2017 Sep 16.
RATIONALE
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other serotonergic hallucinogens can induce profound alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences, with reportedly long-lasting effects on subjective well-being and personality.
METHODS
We investigated the lasting effects of a single dose of LSD (200 μg) that was administered in a laboratory setting in 16 healthy participants. The following outcome measures were assessed before and 1 and 12 months after LSD administration: Persisting Effects Questionnaire (PEQ), Mysticism Scale (MS), Death Transcendence Scale (DTS), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
RESULTS
On the PEQ, positive attitudes about life and/or self, positive mood changes, altruistic/positive social effects, positive behavioral changes, and well-being/life satisfaction significantly increased at 1 and 12 months and were subjectively attributed by the subjects to the LSD experience. Five-Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) total scores, reflecting acutely induced alterations in consciousness, and Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) total scores correlated with changes in well-being/life satisfaction 12 months after LSD administration. No changes in negative attitudes, negative mood, antisocial/negative social effects, or negative behavior were attributed to the LSD experience. After 12 months, 10 of 14 participants rated their LSD experience as among the top 10 most meaningful experiences in their lives. Five participants rated the LSD experience among the five most spiritually meaningful experiences in their lives. On the MS and DTS, ratings of mystical experiences significantly increased 1 and 12 months after LSD administration compared with the pre-LSD screening. No relevant changes in personality measures were found.
CONCLUSIONS
In healthy research subjects, the administration of a single dose of LSD (200 μg) in a safe setting was subjectively considered a personally meaningful experience that had long-lasting subjective positive effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration identification number: NCT01878942.
原理
麦角酸二乙基酰胺（LSD）和其他血清素致幻剂会引起深刻的意识改变和神秘体验，据报道对主观幸福感和个性有持久的影响。
方法
我们调查了在实验室环境下单次服用 LSD（200μg）对 16 名健康参与者的持久影响。在 LSD 给药前和给药后 1 个月和 12 个月评估以下结果测量：持续影响问卷（PEQ）、神秘主义量表（MS）、死亡超越量表（DTS）、大五人格量表（NEO-FFI）和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）。
结果
在 PEQ 上，对生活和/或自我的积极态度、积极的情绪变化、利他/积极的社会影响、积极的行为改变和幸福感/生活满意度在 1 个月和 12 个月时显著增加，并被受试者主观归因于 LSD 体验。反映急性意识改变的五维度意识改变量表（5D-ASC）总分和神秘体验问卷（MEQ30）总分与 LSD 给药后 12 个月时的幸福感/生活满意度变化相关。没有将消极态度、消极情绪、反社会/消极的社会影响或消极行为归因于 LSD 体验。12 个月后，14 名参与者中有 10 名将他们的 LSD 体验评为他们一生中最重要的前 10 次经历之一。5 名参与者将 LSD 体验评为他们一生中最具精神意义的五次经历之一。在 MS 和 DTS 上，与 LSD 给药前筛查相比，LSD 给药后 1 个月和 12 个月时，神秘体验的评分显著增加。在人格测量方面没有发现相关变化。
结论
在健康的研究对象中，在安全环境下单次给予 LSD（200μg）被主观认为是一次具有个人意义的经历，对主观幸福感有持久的积极影响。
试验注册
注册号：NCT01878942。
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