对一个长期样本集的筛查揭示了英国两栖爬行动物中的两种蛙病毒谱系。
Screening of a long-term sample set reveals two Ranavirus lineages in British herpetofauna.
作者信息
Price Stephen J, Wadia Alexandra, Wright Owen N, Leung William T M, Cunningham Andrew A, Lawson Becki
机构信息
UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
Institute of Zoology, ZSL, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 20;12(9):e0184768. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184768. eCollection 2017.
Reports of severe disease outbreaks in amphibian communities in mainland Europe due to strains of the common midwife toad virus (CMTV)-like clade of Ranavirus are increasing and have created concern due to their considerable population impacts. In Great Britain, viruses in another clade of Ranavirus-frog virus 3 (FV3)-like-have caused marked declines of common frog (Rana temporaria) populations following likely recent virus introductions. The British public has been reporting mortality incidents to a citizen science project since 1992, with carcasses submitted for post-mortem examination, resulting in a long-term tissue archive spanning 25 years. We screened this archive for ranavirus (458 individuals from 228 incidents) using molecular methods and undertook preliminary genotyping of the ranaviruses detected. In total, ranavirus was detected in 90 individuals from 41 incidents focused in the north and south of England. The majority of detections involved common frogs (90%) but also another anuran, a caudate and a reptile. Most incidents were associated with FV3-like viruses but two, separated by 300 km and 16 years, involved CMTV-like viruses. These British CMTV-like viruses were more closely related to ranaviruses from mainland Europe than to each other and were estimated to have diverged at least 458 years ago. This evidence of a CMTV-like virus in Great Britain in 1995 represents the earliest confirmed case of a CMTV associated with amphibians and raises important questions about the history of ranavirus in Great Britain and the epidemiology of CMTV-like viruses. Despite biases present in the opportunistic sample used, this study also demonstrates the role of citizen science projects in generating resources for research and the value of maintaining long-term wildlife tissue archives.
欧洲大陆两栖动物群落中,因蛙病毒属中普通产婆蟾病毒(CMTV)样分支毒株导致严重疾病爆发的报告日益增多,因其对种群数量产生重大影响而引发关注。在英国,蛙病毒属的另一个分支——蛙病毒3(FV3)样病毒,在近期可能被引入病毒后,已导致普通青蛙(林蛙)种群数量显著下降。自1992年以来,英国公众一直在向一个公民科学项目报告死亡事件,并提交尸体进行尸检,从而形成了一个跨越25年的长期组织档案库。我们使用分子方法对该档案库中的蛙病毒(来自228起事件的458个个体)进行了筛查,并对检测到的蛙病毒进行了初步基因分型。总共在来自英格兰北部和南部的41起事件中的90个个体中检测到了蛙病毒。大多数检测涉及普通青蛙(90%),但也包括另一种无尾目动物、一种有尾目动物和一种爬行动物。大多数事件与FV3样病毒有关,但有两起事件,相隔300公里且时隔16年,涉及CMTV样病毒。这些英国的CMTV样病毒与来自欧洲大陆的蛙病毒的亲缘关系比它们彼此之间的关系更为密切,估计至少在458年前就已分化。1995年在英国发现CMTV样病毒的这一证据,代表了与两栖动物相关的CMTV的最早确诊病例,并引发了关于英国蛙病毒历史以及CMTV样病毒流行病学的重要问题。尽管所使用的机会性样本存在偏差,但这项研究也证明了公民科学项目在为研究提供资源方面的作用以及维护长期野生动物组织档案库的价值。