Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Jan 30;211:311-328. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.018. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
The geographical and ecological specificity of the Balkan Peninsula has resulted in the development of a distinct diversity of medicinal plants. In the traditional culture of the Balkan peoples, plants have medicinal, economic and anthropological/cultural importance, which is reflected in the sound knowledge of their diversity and use. This study analyses the traditional use of medicinal plants in the treatment of wounds and the pharmacological characteristics of the most frequently used species.
A detailed analysis of the literature related to ethnobhe uses of medicinal plants in the Balkan region was carried out. Twenty-five studies were analysed and those plants used for the treatment of wounds were singled out.
An ethnobotanical analysis showed that 128 plant species (105 wild, 22 cultivated and 1 wild/cultivated) are used in the treatment of wounds. Their application is external, in the form of infusions, decoctions, tinctures, syrups, oils, ointments, and balms, or direct to the skin. Among those plants recorded, the most commonly used are Plantago major, Hypericum perforatum, Plantago lanceolata, Achillea millefolium, Calendula officinalis, Sambucus nigra, Tussilago farfara and Prunus domestica. The study showed that the traditional use of plants in wound healing is confirmed by in vitro and/or in vivo studies for P. major and P. lanceolata (3 laboratory studies for P. major and 2 for P. lanceolata), H. perforatum (5 laboratory studies and 3 clinical trials), A. millefolium (3 laboratory studies and one clinical trial), C. officinalis (6 laboratory studies and 1 clinical trial), S. nigra (3 laboratory studies) and T. farfara (one laboratory study).
The beneficial effects of using medicinal plants from the Balkan region to heal wounds according to traditional practices have been proven in many scientific studies. However, information on the quantitative benefits to human health of using herbal medicines to heal wounds is still scarce or fragmented, hindering a proper evaluation. Therefore, further studies should be aimed at isolating and identifying specific active substances from plant extracts, which could also reveal compounds with more valuable therapeutic properties. Furthermore, additional reliable clinical trials are needed to confirm those experiences encountered when using traditional medicines. A combination of traditional and modern knowledge could result in new wound-healing drugs with a significant reduction in unwanted side effects.
巴尔干半岛的地理和生态特殊性导致了药用植物的独特多样性的发展。在巴尔干民族的传统文化中，植物具有药用、经济和人类学/文化重要性，这反映在对其多样性和用途的充分了解上。本研究分析了传统上使用药用植物治疗伤口的方法和最常用物种的药理学特征。
对巴尔干地区有关药用植物民族使用的文献进行了详细分析。分析了 25 项研究，并选出了用于治疗伤口的植物。
民族植物学分析表明，128 种植物（105 种野生、22 种栽培和 1 种野生/栽培）用于治疗伤口。它们的应用形式为浸剂、煎剂、酊剂、糖浆、油、软膏和香膏，或直接涂于皮肤。在所记录的植物中，最常用的是车前草、贯叶连翘、龙牙草、千里光、金盏花、黑接骨木、款冬和桃。研究表明，车前草和龙牙草（3 项实验室研究车前草，2 项实验室研究龙牙草）、贯叶连翘（5 项实验室研究和 3 项临床试验）、千里光（3 项实验室研究和 1 项临床试验）、金盏花（6 项实验室研究和 1 项临床试验）、黑接骨木（3 项实验室研究）和款冬（1 项实验室研究）的传统用途得到了体外和/或体内研究的证实。
根据传统实践使用来自巴尔干地区的药用植物治疗伤口的有益效果已在许多科学研究中得到证实。然而，关于使用草药治疗伤口对人类健康的定量益处的信息仍然很少或零散，阻碍了适当的评估。因此，应进一步研究从植物提取物中分离和鉴定特定的活性物质，这也可能揭示出具有更有价值治疗特性的化合物。此外，还需要进行更多可靠的临床试验来证实传统药物使用过程中遇到的经验。传统知识与现代知识的结合可能会产生新的伤口愈合药物，显著减少不必要的副作用。
