Diagnosis of : Changes towards the Future.

Since the first evidence demonstrating the dramatically high incidence of infection and the subsequent medical challenges it incurs, health management of infection has been a high priority for health authorities worldwide. Despite a decreasing rate of infection in western countries, prevalence of infection in developing and in some industrial countries is still very high. Whereas treatment and vaccination against is a contemporary issue in medical communities, selective treatment and prior high-throughput screening of the subject population is a major concern of health organizations. So far, diagnostic tests are either elaborative and require relatively advanced medical care infrastructure or they do not fulfill the criteria recommended by the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report. In this review, in light of recent scientific studies, we highlight current and possible future approaches for the diagnosis of . We point out that novel non-invasive tests may not only cover the requirements of gold standard methods in detection but also offer the potential for risk stratification of infection in a high throughput manner.