Sak Katrin
NGO Praeventio, Näituse 22-3, Tartu 50407, Estonia. Email:
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 Sep 27;18(9):2309-2328. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.9.2309.
Epidemiological studies on associations between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are highly needed to assess the actual effects of flavonoids in humans. Experimental investigations in vitro conditions cannot detect and model the real action of these phytochemicals due to the limitations to consider absorption and metabolic biotransformation as well as several complex interactions. Therefore, the data about association findings between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are compiled and analyzed in the current review by evaluating both the results obtained using food composition databases as well as different biomarkers. Although several case-control studies demonstrate some reduction in breast cancer risk related to high consumption of flavones and flavonols, large-scale prospective cohort studies with follow-up times of many years do not confirm these findings. Intake of isoflavones can be associated with a decrease in breast tumorigenesis only in Asian countries where the consumption of soy foods is high but not among Western women with significantly lower ingestion amounts, suggesting the presence of so-called threshold level of effect. Besides doses, the timing of exposure to isoflavones seems also to be a significant factor as childhood and prepubertal age can be critical periods. Although women may need to consume high amounts of isoflavones typical to Asian diets to gain beneficial effects and protection against mammary carcinogenesis, it is still too early to give any specific recommendations to prevent breast tumors by diet rich in certain flavonoids.
迫切需要开展关于黄酮类化合物摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间关联的流行病学研究，以评估黄酮类化合物对人体的实际影响。由于在考虑吸收和代谢生物转化以及多种复杂相互作用方面存在局限性，体外实验研究无法检测和模拟这些植物化学物质的实际作用。因此，在本综述中，通过评估使用食物成分数据库以及不同生物标志物获得的结果，对黄酮类化合物摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间关联的研究结果进行了汇总和分析。尽管一些病例对照研究表明，高摄入黄酮和黄酮醇与乳腺癌风险的降低有关，但随访时间长达数年的大规模前瞻性队列研究并未证实这些发现。仅在大豆食品消费量高的亚洲国家，异黄酮的摄入可能与乳腺肿瘤发生的减少有关，而在摄入量明显较低的西方女性中则不然，这表明存在所谓的效应阈值水平。除了剂量外，接触异黄酮的时间似乎也是一个重要因素，因为儿童期和青春期前可能是关键时期。尽管女性可能需要摄入大量亚洲饮食中常见的异黄酮才能获得有益效果并预防乳腺癌发生，但现在就通过富含某些黄酮类化合物的饮食预防乳腺肿瘤给出任何具体建议还为时过早。
