'G. Minardi' Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Center for Brain Stimulation, the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Nov;18(11):685-693. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.113. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of SUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an innovative, safe and cost-effective treatment for some SUDs. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) influences neural activity in the short and long term by mechanisms involving neuroplasticity both locally, under the stimulating coil, and at the network level, throughout the brain. The long-term neurophysiological changes induced by rTMS have the potential to affect behaviours relating to drug craving, intake and relapse. Here, we review TMS mechanisms and evidence that rTMS is opening new avenues in addiction treatments.
物质使用障碍（SUDs）是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。尽管在理解 SUDs 的神经基础方面取得了相当大的进展，但治疗选择仍然有限。最近的研究强调了经颅磁刺激（TMS）作为一些 SUDs 的创新、安全和具有成本效益的治疗方法的潜力。重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）通过涉及局部刺激线圈下神经可塑性和整个大脑网络水平的神经可塑性的机制，在短期和长期内影响神经活动。rTMS 诱导的长期神经生理变化有可能影响与药物渴望、摄入和复发相关的行为。在这里，我们回顾了 TMS 机制和 rTMS 正在为成瘾治疗开辟新途径的证据。
