Rathee Kavita, Dhull Vikas, Dhull Rekha, Singh Sandeep
Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India.
Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2015 Nov 11;5:35-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.010. eCollection 2016 Mar.
Lactate detection plays a significant role in healthcare, food industries and is specially necessitated in conditions like hemorrhage, respiratory failure, hepatic disease, sepsis and tissue hypoxia. Conventional methods for lactate determination are not accurate and fast so this accelerated the need of sensitive biosensors for high-throughput screening of lactate in different samples. This review focuses on applications and developments of various electrochemical biosensors based on lactate detection as lactate being essential metabolite in anaerobic metabolic pathway. A comparative study to summarize the L-lactate biosensors on the basis of different analytical properties in terms of fabrication, sensitivity, detection limit, linearity, response time and storage stability has been done. It also addresses the merits and demerits of current enzyme based lactate biosensors. Lactate biosensors are of two main types - lactate oxidase (LOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) based. Different supports tried for manufacturing lactate biosensors include membranes, polymeric matrices-conducting or non-conducting, transparent gel matrix, hydrogel supports, screen printed electrodes and nanoparticles. All the examples in these support categories have been aptly discussed. Finally this review encompasses the conclusion and future emerging prospects of lactate sensors.
乳酸检测在医疗保健、食品工业中发挥着重要作用，在出血、呼吸衰竭、肝脏疾病、败血症和组织缺氧等情况下尤为必要。传统的乳酸测定方法不够准确和快速，因此加速了对灵敏生物传感器的需求，以便对不同样品中的乳酸进行高通量筛选。本文综述聚焦于基于乳酸检测的各种电化学生物传感器的应用与发展，因为乳酸是无氧代谢途径中的必需代谢物。已开展一项比较研究，根据制造、灵敏度、检测限、线性、响应时间和储存稳定性等不同分析特性，对L-乳酸生物传感器进行总结。它还阐述了当前基于酶的乳酸生物传感器的优缺点。乳酸生物传感器主要有两种类型——基于乳酸氧化酶（LOD）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的。用于制造乳酸生物传感器的不同载体包括膜、导电或不导电的聚合物基质、透明凝胶基质、水凝胶载体、丝网印刷电极和纳米颗粒。已对这些载体类别中的所有实例进行了恰当讨论。最后，本文综述涵盖了乳酸传感器的结论及未来的新兴前景。
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