Afravy Maryam, Angali Kambiz, Khodadadi Ali, Ahmadizadeh Massumeh
Department of Occupational Health, Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
J Nephropathol. 2017 Jul;6(3):174-179. doi: 10.15171/jnp.2017.30. Epub 2016 Dec 17.
Toluene is widely used in different activities of industrial, commercial and household applications. It can cause damage to the human body. Buffalos' milk has a good nutritive value.
The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and to investigate the protective effects of buffalo's milk against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Forty adult male Wistar rats (180-220 g weight) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5). Animals in groups I to IV received oral gavage 1 mL distilled water (DHO) and groups V to VIII received oral gavage 1 mL buffalo's milk. Ten minutes later, animals were received toluene (i.p) at doses of 300 mg/kg (groups I and V), 600 mg/kg (groups of II and VI), and 900 mg/kg (groups of III and VII), respectively. The animals in groups IV (control) and VIII were injected vehicle (corn oil) only. The experiment repeated for seven consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). One part of the kidney tissues were excised for measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Another parts were excised for histopatholgical examination.
Administration of toluene to male rats produced dose-dependent damage in the kidney. This was noted by elevation of BUN, Cr and MDA levels. In contrast, diminished the CAT, GR and SOD enzyme activities in rats treated with toluene when compared to those in control animals. Histopathological manifestations were also observed in dose related manner in toluene-treated rats. Buffalo's milk had no effect on the biochemical parameters and kidney morphology when compared to those in control. However, it was able to prevent rat kidney against toluene toxicity.
The results of this study demonstrated that toluene damages kidney tissue and is a nephrotoxic substance. Buffalo's milk was able to prevent the renal damage as an antioxidant and a nephroprotective agent.
甲苯广泛应用于工业、商业和家庭的不同活动中。它会对人体造成损害。水牛奶具有良好的营养价值。
本研究旨在探讨甲苯对肾脏组织的负面影响，并研究水牛奶对大鼠甲苯诱导的肾毒性的保护作用。
40只成年雄性Wistar大鼠（体重180 - 220克）随机分为8组（每组n = 5）。第I至IV组动物经口灌胃1毫升蒸馏水，第V至VIII组动物经口灌胃1毫升水牛奶。10分钟后，第I组和第V组动物腹腔注射300毫克/千克甲苯，第II组和第VI组注射600毫克/千克甲苯，第III组和第VII组注射900毫克/千克甲苯。第IV组（对照组）和第VIII组动物仅注射溶媒（玉米油）。实验连续重复7天。最后一次给药24小时后，过量戊巴比妥钠处死动物。分析血样中的血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）。切取一部分肾脏组织用于测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及丙二醛（MDA）水平。另取部分组织进行组织病理学检查。
给雄性大鼠注射甲苯会对肾脏产生剂量依赖性损伤。这表现为BUN、Cr和MDA水平升高。相比之下，与对照动物相比，甲苯处理的大鼠中CAT、GR和SOD酶活性降低。在甲苯处理的大鼠中也观察到了与剂量相关的组织病理学表现。与对照组相比，水牛奶对生化参数和肾脏形态没有影响。然而，它能够保护大鼠肾脏免受甲苯毒性。
本研究结果表明，甲苯会损害肾脏组织，是一种肾毒性物质。水牛奶作为抗氧化剂和肾保护剂能够预防肾脏损伤。
