Salvagioni Denise Albieri Jodas, Melanda Francine Nesello, Mesas Arthur Eumann, González Alberto Durán, Gabani Flávia Lopes, Andrade Selma Maffei de
Department of Nursing, Instituto Federal do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 4;12(10):e0185781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185781. eCollection 2017.
Burnout is a syndrome that results from chronic stress at work, with several consequences to workers' well-being and health. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of the physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout in prospective studies. The PubMed, Science Direct, PsycInfo, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched without language or date restrictions. The Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Prospective studies that analyzed burnout as the exposure condition were included. Among the 993 articles initially identified, 61 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 36 were analyzed because they met three criteria that must be followed in prospective studies. Burnout was a significant predictor of the following physical consequences: hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hospitalization due to cardiovascular disorder, musculoskeletal pain, changes in pain experiences, prolonged fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, respiratory problems, severe injuries and mortality below the age of 45 years. The psychological effects were insomnia, depressive symptoms, use of psychotropic and antidepressant medications, hospitalization for mental disorders and psychological ill-health symptoms. Job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, new disability pension, job demands, job resources and presenteeism were identified as professional outcomes. Conflicting findings were observed. In conclusion, several prospective and high-quality studies showed physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout. The individual and social impacts of burnout highlight the need for preventive interventions and early identification of this health condition in the work environment.
职业倦怠是一种由工作中的慢性压力导致的综合征，会给员工的幸福和健康带来多种后果。本系统评价旨在总结前瞻性研究中工作倦怠对身体、心理和职业影响的证据。检索了PubMed、Science Direct、PsycInfo、SciELO、LILACS和Web of Science数据库，无语言或日期限制。遵循系统评价和Meta分析的透明报告指南。纳入将倦怠作为暴露条件进行分析的前瞻性研究。在最初识别的993篇文章中，61篇符合纳入标准，36篇进行了分析，因为它们符合前瞻性研究必须遵循的三个标准。职业倦怠是以下身体后果的重要预测因素：高胆固醇血症、2型糖尿病、冠心病、因心血管疾病住院、肌肉骨骼疼痛、疼痛体验变化、长期疲劳、头痛、胃肠道问题、呼吸问题、重伤和45岁以下死亡率。心理影响包括失眠、抑郁症状、使用精神药物和抗抑郁药物、因精神障碍住院以及心理不健康症状。工作不满意、旷工、新的残疾抚恤金、工作需求、工作资源和出勤主义被确定为职业结果。观察到相互矛盾的结果。总之，几项前瞻性和高质量的研究表明了工作倦怠对身体、心理和职业的影响。倦怠对个人和社会的影响凸显了在工作环境中进行预防性干预和早期识别这种健康状况的必要性。
