Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Cognition. 2018 Jan;170:164-178. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Bilinguals rely on cognitive control mechanisms like selective activation and inhibition of lexical entries to prevent intrusions from the non-target language. We present cross-linguistic evidence that these mechanisms also operate in bidialectals. Thirty-two native German speakers who sometimes use the Öcher Platt dialect, and thirty-two native English speakers who sometimes use the Dundonian Scots dialect completed a dialect-switching task. Naming latencies were higher for switch than for non-switch trials, and lower for cognate compared to non-cognate nouns. Switch costs were symmetrical, regardless of whether participants actively used the dialect or not. In contrast, sixteen monodialectal English speakers, who performed the dialect-switching task after being trained on the Dundonian words, showed asymmetrical switch costs with longer latencies when switching back into Standard English. These results are reminiscent of findings for balanced vs. unbalanced bilinguals, and suggest that monolingual dialect speakers can recruit control mechanisms in similar ways as bilinguals.
双语者依靠认知控制机制，如选择性激活和抑制词汇条目，以防止非目标语言的干扰。我们提供了跨语言的证据，表明这些机制也在双语者中起作用。32 名母语为德语、有时使用奥赫勒 Platt 方言的人，和 32 名母语为英语、有时使用邓迪苏格兰方言的人完成了一种方言转换任务。与非转换试验相比，转换试验的命名潜伏期较高，而与非同源名词相比，同源名词的潜伏期较低。无论参与者是否主动使用方言，转换成本都是对称的。相比之下，16 名母语为英语的单语者，在接受邓迪词汇训练后完成了方言转换任务，当他们转换回标准英语时，转换后的潜伏期较长，表现出不对称的转换成本。这些结果让人联想到平衡和不平衡双语者的发现，这表明单语方言使用者可以以类似的方式招募控制机制。
