Blumenfeld Henrike K, Schroeder Scott R, Bobb Susan C, Freeman Max R, Marian Viorica
San Diego State University.
Northwestern University.
Linguist Approaches Biling. 2016;6(1-2):119-146. doi: 10.1075/lab.14030.blu. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
Recent research suggests that bilingual experience reconfigures linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive processes. We examined the relationship between linguistic competition resolution and nonlinguistic cognitive control in younger and older adults who were either bilingual or monolingual. Participants heard words in English and identified the referent among four pictures while eye-movements were recorded. Target pictures (e.g., ) appeared with a phonological competitor picture (e.g., ) and two filler pictures. After each eye-tracking trial, priming probes assessed residual activation and inhibition of target and competitor words. When accounting for processing speed, results revealed that age-related changes in activation and inhibition are smaller in bilinguals than in monolinguals. Moreover, younger and older bilinguals, but not monolinguals, recruited similar inhibition mechanisms during word identification and during a nonlinguistic Stroop task. Results suggest that, during lexical access, bilinguals show more consistent competition resolution and recruitment of cognitive control across the lifespan than monolinguals.
近期研究表明，双语经历会重新配置语言和非语言认知过程。我们研究了双语或单语的年轻人和老年人在语言竞争解决与非语言认知控制之间的关系。参与者听英语单词，并在四张图片中识别出所指对象，同时记录眼动情况。目标图片（例如 ）会与一个语音竞争图片（例如 ）以及两张填充图片一同出现。在每次眼动追踪试验后，启动探针评估目标词和竞争词的残余激活和抑制情况。在考虑处理速度后，结果显示，双语者中与年龄相关的激活和抑制变化比单语者小。此外，年轻和年长的双语者在单词识别和非语言斯特鲁普任务中会采用相似的抑制机制，而单语者则不然。结果表明，在词汇提取过程中，双语者在整个生命周期中比单语者表现出更一致的竞争解决和认知控制运用。
