Alam Fiaz, Us Saqib Qazi Najam
Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
J Tradit Complement Med. 2017 Feb 14;7(4):515-518. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.006. eCollection 2017 Oct.
fruits are used traditionally as a spice in various food preparations. The aim of this study was analysis of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial activity. The crude extract showed 86 ± 10% antifungal activity (Agar tube dilution method) against while n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous-methanol fractions inhibited this pathogen by 90 ± 7, 85 ± 10 and 70 ± 9% respectively. The n-hexane and aqueous-methanol fraction also, respectively, showed 40 ± 10 and 87 ± 9% inhibition of . Chloroform fraction also displayed antifungal activity against (60 ± 10%) and aqueous-methanol fraction against (40 ± 8%). The crude ethanolic extract and its chloroform and aqueous-methanol fraction exhibited significant toxicity (Brine shrimps lethality assay) against brine shrimps having LC value of 6.66 ± 1.1, 21.4 ± 3.3 and 29.6 ± 3.9 μg/ml, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion exhibited good anti-leishmanial activity (well serial dilution method) each having IC values of 50 ± 5 μg/ml. The crude extract and various fractions possessed excellent herbicidal activity ( assay), and caused more than 90% inhibition of the plant growth at 1000 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and chloroform soluble portions caused 90% mortality in insecticidal activity (direct contact method) of . The ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion, respectively, caused 80 and 90% mortality of . The present study showed that the tested fruit extracts of exhibited strong antifungal, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial effects.
水果在传统上被用作各种食品制备中的香料。本研究的目的是分析其抗菌、细胞毒性、植物毒性、杀虫和抗利什曼原虫活性。粗提物对[某种真菌]显示出86±10%的抗真菌活性（琼脂管稀释法），而正己烷、氯仿和水 - 甲醇馏分分别对该病原体有90±7%、85±10%和70±9%的抑制作用。正己烷和水 - 甲醇馏分还分别对[另一种真菌]有40±10%和87±9%的抑制作用。氯仿馏分对[某种真菌]也表现出抗真菌活性（60±10%），水 - 甲醇馏分对[某种真菌]有40±8%的抑制作用。粗乙醇提取物及其氯仿和水 - 甲醇馏分对卤虫表现出显著毒性（卤虫致死率测定），LC值分别为6.66±1.1、21.4±3.3和29.6±3.9μg/ml。粗乙醇提取物及其正己烷可溶部分表现出良好的抗利什曼原虫活性（孔板系列稀释法），IC值均为50±5μg/ml。粗提取物和各种馏分具有优异的除草活性（[某种测定方法]），在1000μg/mL时对植物生长的抑制率超过90%。乙醇提取物、正己烷和氯仿可溶部分在[某种昆虫]的杀虫活性（直接接触法）中导致90%的死亡率。乙醇提取物及其正己烷可溶部分分别导致[另一种昆虫]80%和90%的死亡率。本研究表明，所测试的[某种水果]提取物表现出强大的抗真菌、细胞毒性、植物毒性、杀虫和抗利什曼原虫作用。
