School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jun 7;20(7):867-875. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx185.
We conducted two experiments to examine the believability of three addiction-focused cigarette warnings and the influence of message source on believability among adolescents and adults in the United States.
Experimental data were collected using national phone surveys of adolescents (age 13-17; n = 1125; response rate, 66%) and adults (age 18+; n = 5014; response rate, 42%). We assessed the believability of three cigarette warnings about addiction attributed to four message sources (Food and Drug Administration [FDA], Surgeon General, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], no source).
The majority of adolescents and adults reported the three cigarette warnings were very believable (49%-81% for adolescents; 47%-76% for adults). We found four to five times higher odds of adolescents believing a warning that cigarettes are addictive (warning 1) or that nicotine was an addictive chemical (warning 2) compared to a warning that differentiated the addictive risks of menthol versus traditional cigarettes (warning 3), warning 1 adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.10, 6.63; warning 2 aOR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.70, 5.50. Similarly, we found three to five times higher odds of adults (including current smokers) believing the same warnings, warning 1 aOR: 3.74, 95% CI: 2.82, 4.95; warning 2 aOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 2.45, 4.28. Message source had no overall impact on the believability of warnings for either population.
Our findings support the implementation of FDA's required warnings that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is an addictive chemical. These believable warnings may deter adolescents from initiating smoking and encourage adults to quit smoking.
This article describes, for the first time, the believability of different cigarette warnings about addiction. We now know that the majority of adolescents and adults believe cigarette warnings that highlight cigarettes as addictive and that nicotine is an addictive chemical in tobacco. However, a warning that highlighted the relative risk of addiction for menthol cigarettes compared to traditional cigarettes was not as believable among either population. Our findings support the implementation of FDA's required warnings that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is an addictive chemical that may deter adolescents from initiating smoking and encourage adults to quit smoking.
我们进行了两项实验，以检验三种针对成瘾的香烟警示语的可信度，以及警示语来源对美国青少年和成年人可信度的影响。
通过全国电话调查收集了青少年（13-17 岁；n=1125；回复率为 66%）和成年人（18 岁以上；n=5014；回复率为 42%）的实验数据。我们评估了三种归因于四个信息源（食品和药物管理局[FDA]、外科医生总干事、疾病控制与预防中心[CDC]、无来源）的香烟成瘾警示语的可信度。
大多数青少年和成年人报告称，这三种香烟警示语都非常可信（青少年为 49%-81%；成年人为 47%-76%）。与区分薄荷醇与传统香烟成瘾风险的警示语（警示语 3）相比，青少年相信吸烟会上瘾（警示语 1）或尼古丁是一种成瘾化学物质（警示语 2）的可能性要高出四到五倍，警示语 1 的调整优势比（aOR）：4.53，95%置信区间（CI）：3.10，6.63；警示语 2 aOR：3.87，95% CI：2.70，5.50。同样，我们发现成年人（包括当前吸烟者）相信同样的警示语的可能性高出三到五倍，警示语 1 aOR：3.74，95% CI：2.82，4.95；警示语 2 aOR：3.24，95% CI：2.45，4.28。对于这两个群体，信息源对警示语可信度都没有总体影响。
我们的研究结果支持实施 FDA 规定的香烟具有成瘾性和尼古丁是烟草中一种成瘾化学物质的警示语。这些可信的警示语可能会阻止青少年开始吸烟，并鼓励成年人戒烟。
本文首次描述了不同成瘾香烟警示语的可信度。我们现在知道，大多数青少年和成年人都相信强调香烟具有成瘾性和尼古丁是烟草中一种成瘾化学物质的香烟警示语。然而，对于这两个群体来说，强调薄荷醇香烟与传统香烟相比相对成瘾风险的警示语并没有那么可信。我们的研究结果支持实施 FDA 规定的香烟具有成瘾性和尼古丁是烟草中一种成瘾化学物质的警示语，这些警示语可能会阻止青少年开始吸烟，并鼓励成年人戒烟。
