Obaidat Mohammad M, Bani Salman Alaa E, Roess Amira A
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Global Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Feb;50(2):405-412. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1449-7. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of mecA and mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cattle, sheep, and goat dairy farms in Jordan. Milk samples were collected from bulk tanks at 117 dairy farms (44 cattle, 47 sheep, and 26 goat dairy farms) in each region of the country. MRSA were isolated on mecA and mecC chromogenic media and confirmed by PCR. The confirmed isolates were tested for resistance toward 15 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method. None of the tested bulk milk samples were positive for mecC and 26% (95% CI 20-32%) were positive for mecA MRSA. Specifically, mecA MRSA was detected in 31.8% (95% CI 17.5-46.1) of cattle, 29.8% (95% CI 16.2-43.4) of sheep, and 11.5% (95% CI - 1.6-24.7%) of goat dairy farms. All isolates (n = 86) exhibited resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, cefoxitin; meanwhile, most isolates (70-85%) exhibited resistance toward gentamicin, clindamycin, rifampicin, neomycin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. All mecA MRSA isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobials. Isolates from all goat milk, 88% of cattle milk, and 87% of sheep milk samples exhibited resistance to three classes of antimicrobials and were considered multidrug resistant (MDR). These data demonstrate widespread MDR MRSA in dairy ruminants in Jordan, and these rates are higher than those reported in other countries. Such high prevalence of MDR MRSA and mecA MRSA could lead to economic losses in the dairy industry in Jordan and poses a possible public health risk.
本研究的目的是确定约旦牛、羊和山羊奶牛场中mecA和mecC耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行情况及抗菌药物耐药性。从该国各地区的117个奶牛场（44个养牛场、47个养羊场和26个养山羊场）的贮奶罐中采集牛奶样本。在mecA和mecC显色培养基上分离出MRSA，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行确认。采用纸片扩散法对确认的分离株进行15种抗菌药物的耐药性检测。所有检测的散装牛奶样本中mecC均为阴性，26%（95%可信区间20 - 32%）的样本mecA MRSA呈阳性。具体而言，在31.8%（95%可信区间17.5 - 46.1）的养牛场、29.8%（95%可信区间16.2 - 43.4）的养羊场和11.5%（95%可信区间 - 1.6 - 24.7%）的养山羊场中检测到mecA MRSA。所有分离株（n = 86）对青霉素、苯唑西林、头孢西丁均耐药；同时，大多数分离株（70 - 85%）对庆大霉素、克林霉素、利福平、新霉素、夫西地酸、红霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药。所有mecA MRSA分离株对至少一类抗菌药物耐药。来自所有山羊奶样本、88%的牛奶样本和87%的羊奶样本的分离株对三类抗菌药物耐药，被认为是多重耐药（MDR）。这些数据表明约旦反刍动物奶牛中多重耐药MRSA广泛存在，且这些比例高于其他国家报告的比例。如此高的多重耐药MRSA和mecA MRSA流行率可能导致约旦乳制品行业的经济损失，并构成可能的公共卫生风险。
