Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Viruses. 2017 Oct 21;9(10):309. doi: 10.3390/v9100309.
Transcription control is the foundation of gene regulation. Whereas a cell is fully equipped for this task, viruses often depend on the host to supply tools for their transcription program. Over the course of evolution and adaptation, viruses have found diverse ways to optimally exploit cellular host processes such as transcription to their own benefit. Just as cells are increasingly understood to employ nascent RNAs in transcription regulation, recent discoveries are revealing how viruses use nascent RNAs to benefit their own gene expression. In this review, we first outline the two different transcription programs used by viruses, i.e., transcription (DNA-dependent) and RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Subsequently, we use the distinct stages (initiation, elongation, termination) to describe the latest insights into nascent RNA-mediated regulation in the context of each relevant stage.
转录调控是基因调控的基础。细胞完全有能力完成这项任务，而病毒通常依赖宿主提供转录程序所需的工具。在进化和适应的过程中，病毒已经找到了多种方法来优化利用细胞宿主过程（如转录）来为自己谋利。正如人们越来越多地了解到细胞利用新生 RNA 参与转录调控一样，最近的发现揭示了病毒如何利用新生 RNA 来促进自身基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了病毒使用的两种不同的转录程序，即转录（DNA 依赖性）和 RNA 依赖性 RNA 合成。随后，我们使用不同的阶段（起始、延伸、终止）来描述在每个相关阶段中，关于新生 RNA 介导的调控的最新见解。
