Asakawa Tomohiro, Kawabata Hidenobu, Kisa Kengo, Terashita Takayoshi, Murakami Manabu, Otaki Junji
Department of Medical Education and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo.
Kutchan-Kosei General Hospital, Kutchan, Hokkaido.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2017 Oct 11;10:399-407. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S144526. eCollection 2017.
Working in multidisciplinary teams is indispensable for ensuring high-quality care for elderly people in Japan's rapidly aging society. However, health professionals often experience difficulty collaborating in practice because of their different educational backgrounds, ideas, and the roles of each profession. In this qualitative descriptive study, we reveal how to build interdisciplinary collaboration in multidisciplinary teams.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 26 medical professionals, including physicians, nurses, public health nurses, medical social workers, and clerical personnel. Each participant worked as a team member of community-based integrated care. The central topic of the interviews was what the participants needed to establish collaboration during the care of elderly residents. Each interview lasted for about 60 minutes. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to content analysis.
The analysis yielded the following three categories concerning the necessary elements of building collaboration: 1) two types of meeting configuration; 2) building good communication; and 3) effective leadership. The two meetings described in the first category - "community care meetings" and "individual care meetings" - were aimed at bringing together the disciplines and discussing individual cases, respectively. Building good communication referred to the activities that help professionals understand each other's ideas and roles within community-based integrated care. Effective leadership referred to the presence of two distinctive human resources that could coordinate disciplines and move the team forward to achieve goals.
Taken together, our results indicate that these three factors are important for establishing collaborative medical teams according to health professionals. Regular meetings and good communication facilitated by effective leadership can promote collaborative practice and mutual understanding between various professions.
在日本迅速老龄化的社会中，跨学科团队协作对于确保为老年人提供高质量护理至关重要。然而，由于健康专业人员的教育背景、理念以及各专业的角色不同，他们在实际工作中常常难以协作。在这项定性描述性研究中，我们揭示了如何在多学科团队中建立跨学科协作。
我们总共对26名医疗专业人员进行了半结构化访谈，这些人员包括医生、护士、公共卫生护士、医务社会工作者和文书人员。每位参与者都是社区综合护理团队的成员。访谈的核心主题是参与者在照顾老年居民过程中建立协作需要什么。每次访谈持续约60分钟。所有访谈都进行了录音、逐字转录，并进行了内容分析。
分析得出了关于建立协作所需要素的以下三类内容：1）两种会议形式；2）建立良好沟通；3）有效领导。第一类中描述的两种会议——“社区护理会议”和“个体护理会议”——分别旨在汇集各学科并讨论个体病例。建立良好沟通是指有助于专业人员在社区综合护理中理解彼此想法和角色的活动。有效领导是指存在两种独特的人力资源，能够协调各学科并推动团队朝着实现目标前进。
总体而言，我们的结果表明，这三个因素对于健康专业人员建立协作医疗团队很重要。由有效领导促成的定期会议和良好沟通可以促进协作实践以及各专业之间的相互理解。
