Kondhare Dasharath, Lade Harshad
School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, 431606 India.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea.
3 Biotech. 2017 Dec;7(6):378. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-1013-1. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
(L.) fruits (CGFs) are commonly used for culinary purposes and has several therapeutic applications in the Southeast Asia. The aim of this work was to evaluate phytochemical profile, aldose reductase inhibitory (ARI), and antioxidant activities of CGF extract. The CGFs were extracted with different solvents including petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, and water. The highest yield of total extractable compounds (34.82%) and phenolic content (11.7 ± 0.43 mg of GAE/g dried extract) was found in methanol extract, whereas water extract showed the maximum content of total flavonoids (82.8 ± 7.8 mg QE/g dried extract). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of methanol and water extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and glycosides in the CGFs. Results of the in vitro ARI activity against partially purified bovine lens aldose reductase showed that methanol extract of CGFs exhibited 96.6% ARI activity at IC value 6.12 µg/mL followed by water extract 89.1% with the IC value 6.50 µg/mL. In addition, methanol and water extracts of CGF showed strong antioxidant activities including ABTS scavenging, DPPH* scavenging, and hydroxyl radical scavenging. Our results suggest that high percentage of both flavonoids and phenolic contents in the CGFs are correlated with the ARI and antioxidant activities. The fruits of are thus potential bifunctional agents with ARI and antioxidant activities that can be used for the prevention and management of DM and associated diseases.
（L.）果实（CGFs）通常用于烹饪目的，在东南亚有多种治疗用途。这项工作的目的是评估CGF提取物的植物化学特征、醛糖还原酶抑制（ARI）和抗氧化活性。CGFs用不同溶剂提取，包括石油醚、二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲醇和水。甲醇提取物中总可提取化合物的产率最高（34.82%），酚类含量最高（11.7±0.43mg GAE/g干提取物），而水提取物中总黄酮含量最高（82.8±7.8mg QE/g干提取物）。甲醇和水提取物的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析表明，CGFs中存在黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物、生物碱和糖苷。对部分纯化的牛晶状体醛糖还原酶的体外ARI活性结果表明，CGFs的甲醇提取物在IC值为6.12μg/mL时表现出96.6%的ARI活性，其次是水提取物，IC值为6.50μg/mL时表现出89.1%的ARI活性。此外，CGF的甲醇和水提取物表现出较强的抗氧化活性，包括ABTS清除、DPPH*清除和羟基自由基清除。我们的结果表明，CGFs中高比例的黄酮类化合物和酚类含量与ARI和抗氧化活性相关。因此，（L.）的果实是具有ARI和抗氧化活性的潜在双功能剂，可用于预防和管理糖尿病及相关疾病。
